Shloka 58

कुम्भकर्णवधः

The Slaying of Kumbhakarna

Devanagari script

तद्वाक्यंहरिराजस्यसत्त्वधैर्यसमन्वितम् ।श्रुत्वाराक्षसशार्दूलःकुम्भकर्णोऽब्रवीद्वचः ।।।।

Transliteration

tadvākyaṃ harirājasya sattvadhairyasamanvitam | śrutvā rākṣasaśārdūlaḥ kumbhakarṇo 'bravīd vacaḥ ||

Translation

Als er die Worte des Affenkönigs hörte, die voller Mut und Standhaftigkeit waren, antwortete Kumbhakarna, der Tiger unter den Rakshasas.

Word by Word

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; demonstrative adjective to वाक्यम्

• वाक्यम्: speech
• वाक्यम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाक्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन

• हरिराजस्य: of the monkey-king
• हरिराजस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हरि + राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: हरीणाम् राजा; पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (सम्बन्ध), एकवचन

• सत्त्वधैर्यसमन्वितम्: endowed with courage and steadfastness
• सत्त्वधैर्यसमन्वितम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सत्त्व + धैर्य + समन्वित (सम्-√अन्वि/अन्वि-√इ) (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (instrumental/associative sense): सत्त्वधैर्येण समन्वितम्; क्त (PPP) समन्वित; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; adjective of वाक्यम्

• श्रुत्वा: having heard
• श्रुत्वा: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √श्रु (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (Gerund), 'having heard'

• राक्षसशार्दूलः: tiger among Rakshasas
• राक्षसशार्दूलः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राक्षस + शार्दूल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: राक्षसानां शार्दूलः; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; apposition to कुम्भकर्णः

• कुम्भकर्णः: Kumbhakarna
• कुम्भकर्णः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुम्भकर्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• अब्रवीत्: said
• अब्रवीत्: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √ब्रू (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect/past), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• वचः: words
• वचः: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वचस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन

Context

Hearing the king of Vanara's words of courage and strength, the tiger among Rakshasas, Kumbhakarna spoke these words.

Characters & Entities

• Kumbhakarṇa
• Hari-rāja (Vānara-king, i.e., Sugrīva)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma here is expressed as steadfast courage in the face of danger—speech grounded in inner strength rather than fear or arrogance.

What is the narrative situation?

In the battlefield episode, the Vānara-king speaks boldly; upon hearing him, Kumbhakarṇa prepares to answer.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

The virtue emphasized is dhairya (steadfastness) joined with sattva (moral courage/inner strength) in the Vānara leader’s words.