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Shloka 19

महोदर-वाक्यं कुम्भकर्ण-प्रतिषेधः

Mahodara’s Counsel and the Critique of Kumbhakarna’s Solo Assault

एवमुक्त्वातुसम्रब्दःकुम्भकर्णंमहोदरः ।उवाचरक्षसांमध्येरावणंलोकरावणम् ।।।।

evam uktvā tu samrabdhaḥ kumbhakarṇaṃ mahodaraḥ |

uvāca rakṣasāṃ madhye rāvaṇaṃ lokarāvaṇam ||

Nachdem er so gesprochen hatte, wandte sich der erregte Mahodara mitten unter den Rākṣasas an Rāvaṇa, den „Peiniger der Welt“, in Bezug auf Kumbhakarṇa.

evamthus
evam:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootevam (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; manner adverb (प्रकारवाचक)
uktvāhaving said
uktvā:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
FormAbsolutive (क्त्वा), 'having spoken'
tuthen/but
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; particle
samrabdhaḥagitated/enraged
samrabdhaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootsamrabdha (प्रातिपदिक; from √rabdh)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
kumbhakarṇamKumbhakarna
kumbhakarṇam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootkumbhakarṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
mahodaraḥMahodara
mahodaraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootmahodara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
uvācasaid/spoke
uvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd Person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); Parasmaipada
rakṣasāmof the Rakshasas
rakṣasām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootrakṣas (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Plural (बहुवचन)
madhyein the midst
madhye:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootmadhya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)
rāvaṇamRavana
rāvaṇam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootrāvaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
loka-rāvaṇamthe terror of the world
loka-rāvaṇam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootloka (प्रातिपदिक) + rāvaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); तत्पुरुषः (lokānāṃ rāvaṇaḥ = 'one who makes the people cry')

Mahodara having spoken to agitated Kumbhakarna in the midst of Rakshasas in this way, submitted to Ravana, who makes people cry.

M
Mahodara
K
Kumbhakarṇa
R
Rāvaṇa
R
Rākṣasas

FAQs

The verse highlights the courtly setting where counsel is offered to power. Dharma in such contexts requires that rulers hear truth and that advisors speak responsibly, since decisions affect the wider world.

After warning Kumbhakarṇa, Mahodara turns to address Rāvaṇa directly before the assembled Rākṣasas.

Civic courage: the willingness to speak in the king’s presence, even when the atmosphere is tense.