Shloka 42

युद्धकाण्डे एकोनषष्टितमः सर्गः

Rāvaṇa’s Assault on Nīla and Lakṣmaṇa; Hanumān Bears Rāma

Devanagari script

ततोगवाक्षोगवयस्सुदंष्ट्रस्त्वथर्षभोज्योतिमुखोनलश्च ।शैलान् समुत्पाट्यविवृद्धकायाःप्रदुद्रुवुस्तंप्रतिराक्षसेन्द्रम् ।।6.59.42।।

Transliteration

tato gavākṣo gavayaḥ sudaṃṣṭras tv atha ṛṣabho jyotimukho nalaś ca |

śailān samutpāṭya vivṛddhakāyāḥ pradudruvus taṃ prati rākṣasendram ||6.59.42||

Translation

Da rissen Gavākṣa, Gavaya, Sudaṃṣṭra, ebenso Ṛṣabha, Jyotimukha und Nala — ihre Leiber von Macht geschwellt — Felsen aus und stürmten gegen jenen Herrn der Rākṣasas an.

Word by Word

• teṣām: of them
• teṣām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचन

• prahārān: blows/attacks
• prahārān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prahāra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• cakāra: made (rendered)
• cakāra: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: kṛ (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect/लिट्), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• moghān: fruitless, ineffective
• moghān: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mogha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; qualifies ‘prahārān’

• rakṣaḥ-adhipaḥ: the rākṣasa-lord
• rakṣaḥ-adhipaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rakṣas (प्रातिपदिक) + adhipa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: ‘rakṣasām adhipaḥ’ (lord of rākṣasas); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• bāṇaśataiḥ: with hundreds of arrows
• bāṇaśataiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bāṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + śata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्विगु-समास: ‘śataṃ bāṇānām’ (hundreds of arrows); नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; instrumental

• śitāgraiḥ: sharp-tipped
• śitāgraiḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śita (प्रातिपदिक) + agra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय: ‘śitam agraṃ yeṣām’ (sharp-pointed); पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; qualifies ‘bāṇaśataiḥ’

• tān: those
• tān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• vānarendrān: monkey-chiefs
• vānarendrān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vānara (प्रातिपदिक) + indra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: ‘vānarāṇām indraḥ’ (lords/chiefs of monkeys); पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• api: even
• api: Emphasis (निपातार्थ)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle), अव्यय; ‘even/also’

• bāṇajālaiḥ: with a barrage of arrows
• bāṇajālaiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bāṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + jāla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष: ‘bāṇānāṃ jālam’ (net/stream of arrows); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

• bibheda: pierced/struck
• bibheda: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhid (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect/लिट्), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• jāmbūnada-citra-puṅkhaiḥ: with gold-adorned, variegated shafts
• jāmbūnada-citra-puṅkhaiḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: jāmbūnada (प्रातिपदिक) + citra (प्रातिपदिक) + puṅkha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय (multi-member): ‘jāmbūnadena citrāḥ puṅkhāḥ yeṣām’ (having variegated golden shafts/featherings); पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; qualifies ‘bāṇajālaiḥ’/implied ‘bāṇaiḥ’

Context

Thereafter Gavaksha, Gavaya, Sudamshtra, Rshaba, Jyothimukha and Nala increasing their body size rushed towards the king of Rakshasas.

Characters & Entities

• Gavākṣa
• Gavaya
• Ṛṣabha
• Jyotimukha
• Nala
• Rāvaṇa

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma here appears as loyal solidarity: comrades step forward to confront overwhelming power, protecting their side and restoring balance in battle.

What is the narrative situation?

After a key ally falls, leading vānaras enlarge themselves, seize rocks as weapons, and charge directly at Rāvaṇa.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Collective courage and comradeship—leaders act decisively for the common cause rather than retreating in fear.