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Shloka 3

युद्धकाण्डे एकोनषष्टितमः सर्गः

Rāvaṇa’s Assault on Nīla and Lakṣmaṇa; Hanumān Bears Rāma

सङ् ख्येप्रहस्तंनिहतंनिशम्यशोकार्दितःक्रोधपरीतचेताः ।उवाचतान्राक्षसयूथमुख्यानिन्द्रोयथानिर्जरयोथमुख्यान् ।।6.59.3।।

saṅkhye prahastaṃ nihataṃ niśamya śokārditaḥ krodha-parīta-cetāḥ |

uvāca tān rākṣasa-yūtha-mukhyān indro yathā nirjara-yūtha-mukhyān ||6.59.3||

Als er vernahm, dass Prahasta in der Schlacht gefallen sei, von Kummer getroffen und im Geist von Zorn umfangen, sprach er zu den vornehmsten Anführern der Rākṣasa-Heere, wie Indra zu den Häuptlingen der unsterblichen Scharen spricht.

saṅkhyein battle
saṅkhye:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootsaṅkhya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; ‘in battle’
prahastamPrahastha
prahastam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootprahasta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
nihatamslain
nihatam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Roothan (धातु)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; agrees with prahastam
niśamyahaving heard
niśamya:
Kriya-visheṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootni-śam (धातु)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (gerund): ‘having heard/learnt’
śokārditaḥafflicted with grief
śokārditaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootśoka + ardita (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: ‘afflicted by grief’; ardita = क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त from √ard
krodha-parīta-cetāḥwith mind overcome by anger
krodha-parīta-cetāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootkrodha + parīta + cetas (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: ‘whose mind is enveloped by anger’; parīta = क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त from √i (pari-√i)
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
Formलिट् (perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
tānto those
tān:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन
rākṣasa-yūtha-mukhyānthe chiefs of rākṣasa troops
rākṣasa-yūtha-mukhyān:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootrākṣasa + yūtha + mukhya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष: ‘chiefs of rākṣasa troops’
indraḥIndra
indraḥ:
Upamāna (उपमान)
TypeNoun
Rootindra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; upamāna (standard of comparison)
yathāas
yathā:
Upamā (उपमा)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyathā (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (comparative particle): ‘as/like’
nirjara-yūtha-mukhyān(to) the chiefs of the gods’ troops
nirjara-yūtha-mukhyān:
Upameya-anuyoga (उपमेयानुयोग)
TypeNoun
Rootnirjara + yūtha + mukhya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष: ‘chiefs of the troops of gods’

Even as Rakshasas revealed about Prahastha's death, tormented by grief and anger Ravana spoke to Rakshasa troops just as Indra spoke to celestial troops.

P
Prahasta
R
Rāvaṇa (implied 'he')
I
Indra

FAQs

Unrestrained anger (krodha) clouding judgment is a recurring warning in dharma literature; grief and rage can drive leaders toward destructive, adharmic choices.

After Prahasta is killed, Rāvaṇa reacts emotionally and rallies/addresses his commanders for the next phase of battle.

By contrast, the implied virtue is self-mastery: dharmic leadership requires control over grief and anger, especially in crisis.