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Shloka 40

प्रहस्तनिर्याणम्

Prahasta’s Departure and the Muster of the Rakshasa Host

सारथेर्भहुशश्चास्यसङ्ग्राममवगाहतः ।प्रतोदोन्यपतद्धस्तात्सूतस्यहयसादिनः ।।।।

sārather bahuśaś cāsya saṅgrāmam avagāhataḥ | pratodo nyapatad hastāt sūtasya haya-sādinaḥ ||

Als er in die Schlacht hineinging, ließ der Wagenlenker — kundig im Zügeln der Rosse — immer wieder die Peitsche aus der Hand gleiten; ein weiteres Unheilszeichen schwindender Kontrolle.

niryāṇa-śrīḥthe splendour of the march
niryāṇa-śrīḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootniryāṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + śrī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; तत्पुरुष: ‘departure/march’ + ‘splendour’
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)
which
:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormRelative pronoun (यद्), Feminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular
asyaof him
asya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular
āsītwas
āsīt:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√as (धातु)
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd person, Singular, Parasmaipada
bhāsvārāḥsplendid, shining
bhāsvārāḥ:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootbhāsvat (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural; agreeing with vasudurlabhāḥ (epic usage)
vasu-durlabhāḥhard to obtain like treasure
vasu-durlabhāḥ:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootvasu (प्रातिपदिक) + durlabha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural; तत्पुरुष: ‘wealth/treasure’ + ‘hard to obtain’
that (splendour)
:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun, Feminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular
nanāśaperished, vanished
nanāśa:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√naś (धातु)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd person, Singular, Parasmaipada
muhūrtenain a moment
muhūrtena:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootmuhūrta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular
sameon level ground
same:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootsama (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction
skhalitāḥstumbled
skhalitāḥ:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Root√skhal (कृदन्त, धातु)
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural; agreeing with hayāḥ
hayāḥhorses
hayāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roothaya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural

A charioteer and knower of controlling the horses, the whip slipped many times from his hand.

C
Charioteer (sūta/sārathi)
H
Horses (haya)
B
Battlefield (saṅgrāma)

FAQs

Loss of control symbolizes moral misdirection: when the cause is not grounded in dharma, even practical mastery can falter, warning against proceeding with unjust action.

During Prahasta’s advance into battle, his charioteer experiences repeated mishaps—dropping the whip—signaling instability.

Discipline and steadiness are the implied virtues; the verse highlights their breakdown as a sign of looming defeat.