Shloka 61

युद्धलक्षण-निमित्तदर्शनं तथा लङ्काद्वारव्यूहः

War Omens and the Encirclement of Lanka’s Gates

Devanagari script

गत्वासौम्य दशग्रीवंब्रूहिमद्वचनात्कपे ।लङ्घयित्वापुरींलङ्कांभयंत्यक्त्वागतव्यधः ।।6.41.61।।भ्रष्टश्रीक गतैश्वर्य मुमूर्षो नष्टचेतनः ।

Transliteration

gatvā saumya daśagrīvaṃ brūhi mad-vacanāt kape |

laṅghayitvā purīṃ laṅkāṃ bhayaṃ tyaktvā gata-vyathaḥ ||6.41.61||

bhraṣṭaśrīḥ ka gata-aiśvaryaḥ mumūrṣo naṣṭa-cetanaḥ |

Translation

Geh, du sanfter Affe, und sprich in meinem Namen zu Daśagrīva: Nachdem du in die Stadt Laṅkā gesprungen bist und Furcht wie Bedrängnis abgeworfen hast, rede zu dem, der Glanz und Macht verloren hat, dessen Geist zerrüttet ist und der dem Tod entgegeneilt.

Word by Word

• गत्वा: having gone
• गत्वा: पूर्वकाल (क्रियाविशेषण/पूर्वकर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (Absolutive/Gerund), अव्ययभाव; ‘having gone’

• सौम्य: O gentle one
• सौम्य: सम्बोधन (सम्बोधन/Vocative address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सौम्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन (Singular)

• दशग्रीवम्: Daśagrīva (ten-necked, Rāvaṇa)
• दशग्रीवम्: कर्म (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दशग्रीव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• ब्रूहि: tell/say
• ब्रूहि: क्रिया (आज्ञार्थक/Main imperative)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ब्रू (धातु)
• Form: लोट्-लकार (Imperative), परस्मैपद; मध्यम-पुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन (Singular)

• मद्वचनात्: from my message / on my behalf
• मद्वचनात्: अपादान (हेतु/Source: ‘from/by my words’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मद् + वचन (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक + प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (Ablative/5th), एकवचन (Singular)

• कपे: O monkey
• कपे: सम्बोधन (सम्बोधन/Vocative address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कपि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन (Singular)

• लङ्घयित्वा: having crossed
• लङ्घयित्वा: पूर्वकाल (क्रियाविशेषण/पूर्वकर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: लङ्घ् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (Absolutive/Gerund), अव्ययभाव; ‘having crossed/leapt over’

• पुरीम्: the city
• पुरीम्: कर्म (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुरी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• लङ्काम्: Laṅkā
• लङ्काम्: कर्म (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लङ्का (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular); पुरीम् इत्यस्य विशेषण-रूपेण (apposition)

• भयम्: fear
• भयम्: कर्म (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• त्यक्त्वा: having given up
• त्यक्त्वा: पूर्वकाल (क्रियाविशेषण/पूर्वकर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: त्यज् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (Absolutive/Gerund), अव्ययभाव; ‘having abandoned’

• गतव्यधः: one whose distress is past / unharmed
• गतव्यधः: कर्ता (कर्ता/Subject—addressed person)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गत + व्यध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular); कपे इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

Context

"O noble Hanuman crossing over Lanka without fear, giving up the difficulties experienced earlier we reached. Admonish the ten-headed king who has lost senses, his past fortune and sovereignty."

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Hanumān
• Daśagrīva (Rāvaṇa)
• Laṅkā

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma prefers truthful admonition and a final chance for correction before destruction; even an enemy is warned when justice is about to fall.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma commissions Hanumān as messenger to enter Laṅkā and deliver a stern warning to Rāvaṇa.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Satya (truthful speech) and dayā mixed with firmness—compassion that still upholds justice.