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Shloka 2

रावणवधोत्तरं विभीषणशोकः—क्षत्रधर्मोपदेशः

Vibhishana’s Lament after Ravana’s Fall; Instruction on Kshatriya-Dharma

वीर विक्रान्त विख्यात प्रवीण नयकोविद ।महार्हाशयनोपेतकिंशेषेनिहतोभुवि ।।।।

vīra vikrānta vikhyāta pravīṇa nayakovida |

mahārhāśayanopeta kiṃ śeṣe nihato bhuvi ||

O Tapferer — kühn, mächtig, berühmt, kundig und weise in der Staatskunst, gewohnt an ein herrliches Lager: warum liegst du nun erschlagen auf der Erde?

vīraḥhero, valiant one
vīraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootvīra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)
vikrāntaḥmighty, having advanced
vikrāntaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa of vīraḥ (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootvi-√kram (धातु) > vikrānta (कृदन्त, भूतकृदन्त/क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past participle), विशेषण (adjective)
vikhyātaḥrenowned
vikhyātaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa of vīraḥ (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootvi-√khyā (धातु) > vikhyāta (कृदन्त, क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; विशेषण
pravīṇaḥskilled, proficient
pravīṇaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa of vīraḥ (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootpravīṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण
nayakovidaḥskilled in polity/strategy
nayakovidaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa of vīraḥ (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootnaya + kovida (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (षष्ठी/कर्मधारय-भाव: ‘नये कोविदः’); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण
mahārha-śayana-upetaḥaccustomed to a costly bed
mahārha-śayana-upetaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa of vīraḥ (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootmahārha + śayana + upeta (प्रातिपदिक; upeta = upa-√i (धातु) > क्त)
Formसमास: महārha-śayana (कर्मधारय/तत्पुरुष) + upeta (क्तान्त) = ‘महārhaśayanena upetaḥ’; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण
kimwhy?/what?
kim:
Prashna (प्रश्न)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkim (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
Formअव्यय (interrogative particle)
śeṣein the remainder; (as) lying
śeṣe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootśeṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), एकवचन; ‘शेषे’ = ‘शयने/अवशेषे’ (in the remainder/lying-place)
nihataḥkilled, slain
nihataḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) with implied ‘as/being’ (भाव)
TypeAdjective
Rootni-√han (धातु) > nihata (कृदन्त, क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; विधेय-विशेषण (predicate adjective)
bhuvion the ground/earth
bhuvi:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootbhū (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन

"O valiant, powerful and renowned king! You who were skilled in all fields and in polity, accustomed to a sumptuous bed, why are you lying on ground?"

V
Vibhīṣaṇa

FAQs

It highlights impermanence: worldly status and comfort cannot prevent death; dharma asks one to recognize life’s fragility even amid power.

Vibhīṣaṇa addresses the dead warrior directly, expressing shock that such greatness ends on the ground.

Humaneness and loyalty—grief that acknowledges the fallen person’s qualities despite wartime enmity.