Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 103, Shloka 15

ऐन्द्ररथप्रदानम्

Indra’s Chariot Offered to Rāma; The Duel Intensifies

Devanagari script

सहस्राक्षेणकाकुत्थ्सरथोऽयंविजयायते ।दत्तस्तवमहासत्त्वश्रीमन् शत्रुनिबर्हण ।।।।

Transliteration

sahasrākṣeṇa kākutstha ratho 'yaṃ vijayāya te |

dattas tava mahāsattva śrīman śatrunibarhaṇa ||

Translation

„O Kakutstha, du Großherzige, Ruhmreiche, Bezwinger der Feinde: Dieser Wagen ist dir vom Tausendäugigen (Indra) zu deinem Sieg verliehen worden.“

Word by Word

• सहस्राक्षेण: by the thousand-eyed (Indra)
• सहस्राक्षेण: कर्ता-प्रयोजक/हेतुः (Instrument/Agent)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सहस्राक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (Instrumental), एकवचन; बहुव्रीहि: ‘सहस्रम् अक्षाणि यस्य’

• काकुत्स्थ: O Kākutstha (Rāma)
• काकुत्स्थ: सम्बोधन (Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: काकुत्स्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति (Vocative), एकवचन

• रथः: chariot
• रथः: कर्ता/विषय (Subject/topic)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative), एकवचन

• अयम्: this
• अयम्: विशेषण (Demonstrative qualifier)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; सर्वनाम (pronoun)

• विजयाय: for victory
• विजयाय: सम्प्रदान/प्रयोजन (Dative-purpose)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विजय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (Dative/4th), एकवचन; प्रयोजन-द्योतक (purpose)

• ते: to you
• ते: सम्प्रदान (Sampradāna/Recipient)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वितीया/चतुर्थी-एकवचन रूप (enclitic) ‘to you/for you’ (here dative sense)

• दत्तः: has been given
• दत्तः: क्रिया-विशेष्य (Predicative)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दत्त (कृदन्त; √दा धातु)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle) ‘given’; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; रथः इत्यस्य विधेय

• तव: of you/for you
• तव: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), एकवचन

• महासत्त्व: O great-spirited one
• महासत्त्व: सम्बोधन (Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महा (प्रातिपदिक) + सत्त्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन; कर्मधारय: ‘महच्च तत् सत्त्वम्’

• श्रीमन्: O glorious one
• श्रीमन्: सम्बोधन (Address)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: श्रीमत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन

• शत्रु-निबर्हण: O destroyer of enemies
• शत्रु-निबर्हण: सम्बोधन (Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शत्रु (प्रातिपदिक) + निबर्हण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: ‘शत्रूणां निबर्हणः’

Context

"To you, Kakuthsa, who are endowed with great prowess, destroyer of enemies, this chariot has been sent by Indra for your victory."

Characters & Entities

• Mātali
• Kakutstha (Rāma)
• Sahasrākṣa (Indra)
• chariot

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Righteous victory (dharma-vijaya) is distinguished from mere conquest: the gift is explicitly “for victory” in a just cause, reinforcing that success is meaningful when aligned with dharma and satya.

What is the narrative situation?

Mātali announces that Indra has gifted his chariot to Rāma to aid him in defeating Rāvaṇa.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Mahāsattva (greatness of spirit): Rāma is addressed as worthy of divine support due to his righteous strength.