Ramayana — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 63, Shloka 6

दधिमुख

विज्ञापनम् / Dadhimukha Reports the Madhuvana Incident

Devanagari script

शिष्टमत्रापविध्यन्ति भक्षयन्ति तथापरे।निवार्यमाणास्ते सर्वे भ्रुवो वै दर्शयन्ति हि।।।।

Transliteration

śiṣṭam atrāpavidhyanti bhakṣayanti tathāpare |

nivāryamāṇās te sarve bhruvo vai darśayanti hi ||

Translation

Manche schleudern sogar die Reste fort; andere essen weiter; und wenn man sie zurückhält, zeigen sie alle ihren Hochmut, indem sie die Brauen trotzig heben.

Word by Word

• śiṣṭam: the leftover
• śiṣṭam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √śiṣ (धातु)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Neuter Accusative Singular; used substantively: 'the remainder/leftover'

• atra: here
• atra: Deśa-adhikaraṇa (देशाधिकरणम्)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atra (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (देशवाचक-अव्यय) 'here'

• apavidhyanti: discard/throw away
• apavidhyanti: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: apa-√vidh (धातु)
• Form: Present (लट्), Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Plural; 'they throw away/discard'

• bhakṣayanti: eat
• bhakṣayanti: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √bhakṣ (धातु)
• Form: Present (लट्), Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Plural

• tathā: likewise
• tathā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषणम्)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय) 'thus/likewise'

• apare: others
• apare: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: apara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1), Plural; 'others' (other monkeys)

• nivāryamāṇāḥ: while being restrained
• nivāryamāṇāḥ: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषणम्)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ni-√vṛ (धातु)
• Form: Present passive participle (शानच्/मान), Masculine Nominative Plural; 'being restrained/prevented'

• te: they
• te: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1), Plural; 'they'

• sarve: all
• sarve: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1), Plural; modifies te

• bhruvaḥ: eyebrows
• bhruvaḥ: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhru (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (2), Plural; object of darśayanti: 'eyebrows' (i.e., they show/raise eyebrows)

• vai: indeed
• vai: Prayojaka-nipāta (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vai (अव्यय)
• Form: Emphatic particle (निपात)

• darśayanti: show/display
• darśayanti: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √dṛś (धातु)
• Form: Causative present (णिजन्त, लट्), Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Plural; 'they show/display'

• hi: indeed/for
• hi: Hetu-nipāta (हेतुनिपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात)

Context

"They went to the garden to drink only after having performed their duty. I am glad about it. Since they have accomplished the purpose, they are to be excused for their behaviour. I have pardoned them.

Characters & Entities

• Dadhimukha
• Sugrīva
• Vānaras
• Madhuvana

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Proper conduct (ācāra) is part of dharma: wastefulness and defiant pride are portrayed as lapses, especially when corrected by rightful guardians.

What is the narrative situation?

Dadhimukha describes the vānaras’ unruly behavior—waste, continued feasting, and insolence when stopped.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

The implied virtue is humility and restraint; the verse highlights how success can tempt one into discourteous behavior.