Shloka 79

सुन्दरकाण्डे अष्टपञ्चाशः सर्गः

हनुमद्वृत्तान्तकथनम्, सीताभिज्ञान-प्रदानम्, लङ्कादाह-वर्णनम्

Devanagari script

याते तस्मिन् दशग्रीवे राक्षस्यो विकृताननाः।।5.58.79।।सीतां निर्भर्त्सयामासुर्वाक्यैः क्रूरैस्सुदारुणैः।

Transliteration

yāte tasmin daśagrīve rākṣasyo vikṛtānanāḥ | sītāṃ nirbhartsayāmāsur vākyaiḥ krūraiḥ sudāruṇaiḥ ||

Translation

Als der Zehnhalsige (Rāvaṇa) fortgegangen war, begannen die dämonischen Rākṣasī mit entstellten Gesichtern Sītā mit grausamen und furchterregenden Worten zu bedrängen.

Word by Word

• याते: when (he) had gone
• याते: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: या (धातु; यात = क्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त), पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7/Locative), एकवचन; सति-सप्तमी (locative absolute) ‘when (he) had gone’

• तस्मिन्: in/when he
• तस्मिन्: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, सप्तमी (7/Locative), एकवचन

• दशग्रीवे: (in) Dashagriva (Ravana)
• दशग्रीवे: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दश + ग्रीव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7/Locative), एकवचन; द्विगु-समास (daśa-grīva = ‘ten-necked’)

• राक्षस्यः: rākṣasī-women
• राक्षस्यः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राक्षसी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1/Nominative), बहुवचन

• विकृताननाः: ugly-faced
• विकृताननाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विकृत + आनन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1/Nominative), बहुवचन; कर्मधारय (vikṛta-ānana = ‘deformed-faced’) विशेषणम् (राक्षस्यः)

• सीताम्: Sita
• सीताम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सीता (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2/Accusative), एकवचन

• निर्भर्त्सयामासुः: reviled/threatened
• निर्भर्त्सयामासुः: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: निर्-भर्त्स् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन; ‘they reviled/threatened’

• वाक्यैः: with words
• वाक्यैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाक्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3/Instrumental), बहुवचन

• क्रूरैः: cruel
• क्रूरैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रूर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3/Instrumental), बहुवचन; विशेषणम् (वाक्यैः)

• सुदारुणैः: very dreadful
• सुदारुणैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु + दारुण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3/Instrumental), बहुवचन; कर्मधारय (su-dāruṇa = ‘very dreadful’) विशेषणम् (वाक्यैः)

Characters & Entities

• Rāvaṇa (Daśagrīva)
• Sītā

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma rejects cruelty in speech; verbal abuse is also a form of harm and a mark of adharma.

What is the narrative situation?

After Rāvaṇa is taken away, the demonesses redirect their aggression toward Sītā through threats.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

By contrast, Sītā’s steadfastness (seen in following verses) stands against intimidation.