HomeRamayanaSundara KandaSarga 58Shloka 147
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Shloka 147

सुन्दरकाण्डे अष्टपञ्चाशः सर्गः

हनुमद्वृत्तान्तकथनम्, सीताभिज्ञान-प्रदानम्, लङ्कादाह-वर्णनम्

दूतवध्या न दृष्टा हि राजशास्त्रेषु राक्षस।दूतेन वेदितव्यं च यथार्थं हितवादिना।।।।

dūtavadhyā na dṛṣṭā hi rājaśāstreṣu rākṣasa | dūtena veditavyaṃ ca yathārthaṃ hitavādinā ||

«O Rākṣasa, in den königlichen Lehrschriften ist die Tötung eines Boten nicht vorgesehen. Und dem Gesandten, der zum Wohl des anderen spricht, muss gestattet sein, die Wahrheit so darzulegen, wie sie ist.»

dūta-vadhyākilling of an envoy
dūta-vadhyā:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootdūta-vadhyā (प्रातिपदिक; components: dūta + vadhyā)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (‘killing of a messenger’ / ‘messenger-killing’); स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)
nanot
na:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध (negation particle)
dṛṣṭāis seen, is found
dṛṣṭā:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootdṛś (धातु) + kta (कृत् प्रत्यय)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past passive participle); स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)
hiindeed
hi:
Sambandha-bodhaka (Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (emphasis)
rājaśāstreṣuin the royal treatises
rājaśāstreṣu:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeNoun
Rootrājaśāstra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), सप्तमी (7th/Locative), बहुवचन (Plural)
rākṣasaO demon
rākṣasa:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootrākṣasa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन (Singular)
dūtenaby the messenger
dūtena:
Kartr̥ (कर्ता/Agent) (of veditavyam)
TypeNoun
Rootdūta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन (Singular)
veditavyammust be conveyed/known
veditavyam:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Obligation predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootvid (धातु) + tavya (तव्यत्)
Formतव्यत्-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (gerundive/future passive participle); नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन (Singular); विधेय (ought to be known/communicated)
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)
yathārthamtruthfully, as it is
yathārtham:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रिया-विशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyathā-artha (प्रातिपदिक; components: yathā + artha)
Formअव्ययीभाव-समास; अव्ययवत् प्रयोगः; अर्थे—‘यथार्थतया’ (truly, as it is)
hitavādināby the well-wishing speaker
hitavādinā:
Kartr̥ (कर्ता) (as qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Roothita-vādin (प्रातिपदिक; components: hita + vādin)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (‘one who speaks what is beneficial’); पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन (Singular); dūtena इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

'The royal code prohibits the murder of an emissary. A well-wishing emissary should convey the truth.

V
Vibhīṣaṇa
R
Rāvaṇa
D
Dūta (envoy/messenger)

FAQs

Envoy-immunity as dharma and nīti: even enemies must respect the protected status of a messenger, and truth-speaking (satya) must be heard.

Vibhīṣaṇa argues from royal law that Hanumān, as an envoy, should not be executed.

Respect for satya and lawful procedure, embodied by Vibhīṣaṇa.