Shloka 2

हनूमदुपदेशः रावणस्य च कोपः

Hanuman’s Counsel to Ravana and Ravana’s Wrath

Devanagari script

अहं सुग्रीवसंदेशादिह प्राप्तस्तवालयम्।राक्षसेन्द्र हरीशस्त्वां भ्राता कुशलमब्रवीत्।।।।

Transliteration

ahaṃ sugrīvasaṃdeśād iha prāptas tavālayam | rākṣasendra harīśas tvāṃ bhrātā kuśalam abravīt ||

Translation

O Herr der Rākṣasas, auf Sugrīvas Botschaft hin bin ich in deine Wohnstatt gelangt. Der Herr der Affen—dir wie ein Bruder—entbietet dir Grüße des Wohlergehens.

Word by Word

• aham: I
• aham: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana

• sugrīva-saṃdeśāt: from Sugrīva's message/order
• sugrīva-saṃdeśāt: Apādāna/Hetu (अपादान/Source-Cause)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sugrīva (प्रातिपदिक) + saṃdeśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Pañcamī (5th), Ekavacana; तत्पुरुषः; ablative: 'from/through Sugrīva's message'

• iha: here
• iha: Deśa-adhikaraṇa (देश-अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iha (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; adverb (here)

• prāptaḥ: have reached
• prāptaḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicative)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-√āp (धातु) + kta (कृदन्त)
• Form: Kta-participle; Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana; agrees with aham

• tava: your
• tava: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yuṣmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Ṣaṣṭhī (6th), Ekavacana

• ālayam: abode, residence
• ālayam: Gati-karma (गति-कर्म/Goal)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ālaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā (2nd), Ekavacana

• rākṣasendra: O lord of demons
• rākṣasendra: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rākṣasa (प्रातिपदिक) + indra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Sambodhana (Vocative), Ekavacana; तत्पुरुषः

• harīśaḥ: lord of monkeys (Sugrīva)
• harīśaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: hari (प्रातिपदिक) + īśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana; तत्पुरुषः (lord of monkeys)

• tvām: you
• tvām: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yuṣmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Dvitīyā (2nd), Ekavacana

• bhrātā: brother (as)
• bhrātā: Karta (कर्ता/Subject; apposition to harīśaḥ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhrātṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana; appositional (as a brother/like a brother)

• kuśalam: well-being, greetings
• kuśalam: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kuśala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसकलिङ्ग, Dvitīyā (2nd), Ekavacana; object of abravīt

• abravīt: said, conveyed
• abravīt: Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: brū (धातु)
• Form: Laṅ-lakāra (Imperfect/Past), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana; parasmaipada

Context

"O lord of demons! I reached your realm here by the orders of Sugriva, lord of monkeys who is like your brother. He conveys his good wishes to you.

Characters & Entities

• Hanumān
• Sugrīva
• Rāvaṇa
• Vānara-s (monkeys)
• Rākṣasa-s

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Even in conflict, dharma values proper protocol: a messenger speaks formally and truthfully before issuing warning or counsel.

What is the narrative situation?

Hanumān begins his address to Rāvaṇa in a diplomatic mode, presenting himself as an envoy bearing Sugrīva’s message.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Satya and nīti (statecraft): disciplined speech that follows envoy-conduct and sets a righteous tone.