Shloka 19

हनूमत्संवादः / Hanuman’s Diplomatic Approach to Rama and Lakshmana

Devanagari script

एवं मां परिभाषन्तं कस्माद्वै नाभिभाषथः।।सुग्रीवो नाम धर्मात्मा कश्चिद्वानरयूथपः।वीरो विनिकृतो भ्रात्रा जगद्भ्रमति दुःखितः।।

Transliteration

evaṃ māṃ paribhāṣantaṃ kasmād vai nābhibhāṣathaḥ ||

sugrīvo nāma dharmātmā kaścid vānarayūthapaḥ |

vīro vinikṛto bhrātrā jagad bhramati duḥkhitaḥ ||

Translation

Warum antwortet ihr nicht, obwohl ich so zu euch spreche? Es gibt einen rechtschaffenen Helden namens Sugrīva, den Anführer der Affenheere; von seinem Bruder schwer gekränkt, irrt er nun voller Kummer durch die Welt.

Word by Word

• mahā-pramāṇau: of great size (two)
• mahā-pramāṇau: Viśeṣaṇa (Adjectival/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahā (प्रातिपदिक) + pramāṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Karmadhāraya: mahad pramāṇam yayoḥ (of huge size); Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Dvivacana

• vistīrṇau: broad/extended (two)
• vistīrṇau: Viśeṣaṇa (Adjectival/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vi-√stṛ (धातु) + -ṇa (कृदन्त; PPP)
• Form: Kṛdanta (PPP/क्त): vistīrṇa; Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Dvivacana

• tapta-hāṭaka-bhūṣitau: adorned with pure gold (two)
• tapta-hāṭaka-bhūṣitau: Viśeṣaṇa (Adjectival/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tapta (प्रातिपदिक) + hāṭaka (प्रातिपदिक) + bhūṣita (कृदन्त; √bhūṣ)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa: taptena hāṭakena bhūṣitau (adorned with heated/pure gold); Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Dvivacana

• khaḍgau: two swords
• khaḍgau: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: khaḍga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Dvivacana

• etau: these two
• etau: Viśeṣaṇa (Adjectival/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: etad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma used adjectivally; Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Dvivacana; agrees with khaḍgau

• virājete: shine (the two)
• virājete: Kriyā (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi-√rāj (धातु)
• Form: Laṭ lakāra (Present), Prathama-puruṣa, Dvivacana; Ātmanepada

• nirmuktau: cast off (slough), freed (two)
• nirmuktau: Viśeṣaṇa (Adjectival/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: nir-√muc (धातu) + -ta (कृदन्त; PPP)
• Form: Kṛdanta (PPP/क्त): nirmukta; Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Dvivacana; upamāna-viśeṣaṇa

• iva: like
• iva: Upamāna-marker (Simile marker/उपमान-सूचक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iva (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, simile particle

• pannagau: two snakes
• pannagau: Upamāna (Standard of comparison/उपमान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pannaga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Dvivacana; upamāna

Context

'Why are you silent while I am talking? (I am here to apprise ) about a great and righteous warrior Sugriva, the chief of the troop of monkeys, sadly wandering all over the land here, banished by his brother;

Characters & Entities

• Hanumān
• Rāma
• Lakṣmaṇa
• Sugrīva
• brother (Vāli, implied)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes responding to truthful, respectful speech and attending to injustice: a righteous person should not ignore the plight of one wronged, especially when the wrong disrupts social order.

What is the narrative situation?

Hanumān shifts from praising the princes’ arms to stating his purpose: introducing Sugrīva’s suffering and seeking engagement from Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Satya and advocacy: Hanumān truthfully presents Sugrīva’s condition and seeks a just remedy through proper alliance.