Shloka 57

वर्षावर्णनम्

The Monsoon Description and Rama’s Counsel on Timing

Devanagari script

इमास्फीतगुणा वर्षास्सुग्रीवस्सुखमश्नुते।विजितारिः सदारश्च राज्ये महति च स्थितः।।

Transliteration

imāḥ sphīta-guṇā varṣāḥ sugrīvaḥ sukham aśnute | vijitāriḥ sadāraś ca rājye mahati ca sthitaḥ ||

Translation

In diesen verdienstvollen Regenzeiten genießt Sugrīva unbeschwertes Glück: den Feind besiegt, in einem großen Reich gefestigt und mit seiner Gemahlin vereint.

Word by Word

• इमाः: these
• इमाः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; सर्वनाम-विशेषण

• स्फीतगुणाः: rich in qualities
• स्फीतगुणाः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्फीत + गुण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; बहुव्रीहिः—स्फीताः गुणाः यस्याः/यासु ताः (abounding in qualities)

• वर्षाः: rains / rainy season
• वर्षाः: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्षा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• सुग्रीवः: Sugrīva
• सुग्रीवः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुग्रीव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• सुखम्: happiness
• सुखम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• अश्नुते: enjoys, experiences
• अश्नुते: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अश् (अश् धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

• विजितारिः: conqueror of enemies
• विजितारिः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वि + जित (जि धातु, क्त; कृदन्त) + अरि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; बहुव्रीहिः—विजिताः अरयः येन सः (one who has conquered enemies)

• सदारः: with his wife
• सदारः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स + दार (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समासः—दारैः सह (with wife)

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya-dyotaka (समुच्चय-द्योतक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-बोधक-अव्यय

• राज्ये: in the kingdom
• राज्ये: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राज्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन

• महति: great, vast
• महति: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; विशेषण

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya-dyotaka (समुच्चय-द्योतक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-बोधक-अव्यय

• स्थितः: established, situated
• स्थितः: Karta-samānādhikaraṇa (कर्ता-समानाधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्था (स्था धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त

Context

'Having defeated his enemy, Sugriva with his wife during the rainy season is well-established in the kingdom, abounding in merits.

Characters & Entities

• Sugrīva

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Implied dharma is accountability after success: victory and comfort should not erase pledged duty; prosperity must remain aligned with truth (satya) and promises.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma notes Sugrīva’s comfortable enjoyment after defeating Vālin, contrasting it with Rāma’s continuing urgency.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

By contrast, Rāma’s perseverance is highlighted; the verse implicitly warns against Sugrīva’s potential lapse into complacency.