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Shloka 19

वाली–रामसंवादः

Rama’s Justification to Vali on Rājadharma

अस्य त्वं धरमाणस्य सुग्रीवस्य महात्मनः।रुमायां वर्तसे कामात्स्नुषायां पापकर्मकृत्।।

asya tvaṁ dharamāṇasya sugrīvasya mahātmanaḥ | rumāyāṁ vartase kāmāt snuṣāyāṁ pāpa-karmakṛt ||

Während der großherzige Sugriva noch lebt, hast du — Täter sündiger Werke — aus Begierde mit Ruma verkehrt, die dir wie eine Schwiegertochter ist.

asyaof this (man)
asya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī, Ekavacana
tvamyou
tvam:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyusmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPrathamā, Ekavacana
dharamāṇasyaof (him) who is living/maintaining
dharamāṇasya:
Sambandha-viśeṣaṇa (सम्बन्ध-विशेषण)
TypeVerb
Root√dhṛ धृ (धातु)
FormVartamāna-kṛdanta (Present middle participle/शानच्), Puṃliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī, Ekavacana; ‘while (he) is holding/maintaining; while alive’ qualifying ‘sugrīvasya’
sugrīvasyaof Sugriva
sugrīvasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootsugrīva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī, Ekavacana
mahātmanaḥof the great-souled
mahātmanaḥ:
Sambandha-viśeṣaṇa (सम्बन्ध-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootmahā-ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī, Ekavacana; samāsa: karmadhāraya ‘mahān ātmā yasya’; qualifies ‘sugrīvasya’
rumāyāmwith/in Ruma
rumāyām:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootrumā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Saptamī, Ekavacana
vartaseyou live/consort
vartase:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vṛt वृत् (धातु)
FormLaṭ-lakāra, Madhyama-puruṣa, Ekavacana; ātmanepada
kāmātfrom lust
kāmāt:
Hetu (हेतु)
TypeNoun
Rootkāma (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Pañcamī, Ekavacana
snuṣāyāmwith/in (your) daughter-in-law
snuṣāyām:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootsnuṣā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Saptamī, Ekavacana
pāpa-karma-kṛtdoer of sinful deeds
pāpa-karma-kṛt:
Karta-samānādhikaraṇa (कर्तृ-समानााधिकरण/Predicate nominative)
TypeNoun
Rootpāpa (प्रातिपदिक) + karman (प्रातिपदिक) + √kṛ कृ (धातु)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; samāsa: tatpuruṣa ‘pāpaṃ karma karoti’ (doer of sinful acts); predicate/apposition to ‘tvam’

'You are a sinner, since you live with Ruma, who is your virtual daughter-in-law, when the great self Sugriva is alive. (A younger brother is like a son and his wife, adaughter-in-law).

R
Rama
V
Vali
S
Sugriva
R
Ruma

FAQs

Dharma treats the younger brother as son-like; therefore his wife is protected by a taboo akin to ‘daughter-in-law,’ making lust-driven appropriation a grave wrong.

Rama specifies the relational ethics: because Sugriva is alive and is Vali’s younger brother, Ruma is not a legitimate object of Vali’s desire.

Moral accountability for desire—kāma must be subordinated to dharma.