Ramayana — Bala Kanda, Sarga 22, Shloka 24
बलातिबलोपदेशः
The Instruction of Bala and Atibala
Translation
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Word by Word
prabhātāyāmat daybreak
prabhātāyām:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरणम् / Time-location)
TypeNoun
Rootprabhātā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga (Feminine); Saptamī-vibhakti (Locative/अधिकरण), Ekavacana
tuthen / indeed
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः / Discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
FormNipāta (particle); contrast/emphasis
śarvaryāmin the night
śarvaryām:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरणम् / Time-location)
TypeNoun
Rootśarvarī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga (Feminine); Saptamī-vibhakti (Locative), Ekavacana
viśvāmitraḥViśvāmitra
viśvāmitraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता / Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootviśvāmitra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (Masculine); Prathamā-vibhakti (Nominative), Ekavacana
mahāmuniḥthe great sage
mahāmuniḥ:
Karta (कर्ता / Apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootmahā (प्रातिपदिक) + muni (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (Masculine); Prathamā-vibhakti, Ekavacana; कर्मधारयः (mahān muniḥ)
abhyabhāṣataaddressed / spoke to
abhyabhāṣata:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootabhi-√bhāṣ (धातु)
FormLaṅ-lakāra (Imperfect/Past); Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana; Ātmanepada; 'spoke to/addressed'
kākutsthauthe two Kakutsthas (Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa)
kākutsthau:
Karma (कर्म / Addressee-object)
TypeNoun
Rootkākutstha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (Masculine); Prathamā-vibhakti (Nominative), Dvivacana; dual referring to Rāma-Lakṣmaṇa
śayānaulying down
śayānau:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Root√śī (धातु) → śayāna (कृदन्त, शतृ/शानच्)
FormPuṃliṅga; Prathamā-vibhakti, Dvivacana; वर्तमान-कृदन्त (present participle, Ātmanepada sense) qualifying kākutsthau
parṇa-saṃstareon a bed of leaves
parṇa-saṃstare:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरणम् / Location)
TypeNoun
Rootparṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + saṃstara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (Masculine); Saptamī-vibhakti (Locative), Ekavacana; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (parṇānāṃ saṃstaraḥ)
FAQs
Because translation, ethical nuance (dharma/satya), and word-by-word meanings depend on the precise wording and sandhi; even small variants across recensions can change interpretation.
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