Valmiki Ramayana 2.91.31 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 91, Shloka 31

भरद्वाजाश्रमे भरतसैन्यस्य दिव्यात्मिथ्यम् / Divine Hospitality to Bharata’s Army at Bharadvaja’s Hermitage

Devanagari script

उत्तरेभ्यः कुरुभ्यश्च वनं दिव्योपभोगवत्।आजगाम नदी दिव्या तीरजैर्भहुभिर्वृता।।।।

Transliteration

uttarebhyaḥ kurubhyaś ca vanaṃ divyopabhogavat |

ājagāma nadī divyā tīrajair bahubhir vṛtā ||

Translation

Aus den Wäldern der nördlichen Kurus, reich an himmlischen Genüssen, trat ein göttlicher Fluss hervor, umgeben von unzähligen Bäumen, die an seinen Ufern wuchsen.

Word by Word

• उत्तरेभ्यः: from the northern
• उत्तरेभ्यः: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उत्तर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (अपादान), बहुवचन; ‘from the northern (Kurus)’

• कुरुभ्यः: from the Kurus
• कुरुभ्यः: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुरु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (अपादान), बहुवचन; ‘from the Kurus’

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय

• वनम्: forest
• वनम्: Kartā (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; subject (with nadī divyā) or appositionally describing the scene

• दिव्योपभोगवत्: having heavenly enjoyments
• दिव्योपभोगवत्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दिव्य (प्रातिपदिक) + उपभोगवत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समास: तत्पुरुष (‘दिव्यः उपभोगः यस्मिन्’/‘दिव्य-उपभोगवत्’); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; qualifies वनम्

• आजगाम: came, appeared
• आजगाम: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-गम् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (perfect), परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• नदी: river
• नदी: Kartā (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नदी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; subject of आजगाम

• दिव्या: divine
• दिव्या: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दिव्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; qualifies नदी

• तीरजैः: with bank-growing (trees/plants)
• तीरजैः: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तीरज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समास: तत्पुरुष (‘तीरे जायन्ते’ = bank-born); पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (करण), बहुवचन; instrumental

• बहुभिः: with many
• बहुभिः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बहु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; qualifies तीरजैः

• वृता: surrounded
• वृता: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वृ (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; predicate adjective of नदी

Context

From the forests of the northern Kuru kingdom, with all delights of heaven, a divine river with innumerable trees that grow on river banks came into existence.

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma appears as life-supporting order: water, shade, and abundance arise to sustain a community—hospitality extended to all beings.

What is the narrative situation?

A miraculous river manifestation is described among the divine arrangements prepared for Bharata’s camp.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Provident care (anugraha) toward others, implied through creating resources for rest and sustenance.