Valmiki Ramayana 2.53.19: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 53, Shloka 19

पञ्चाशत्तमः सर्गः (Sarga 53)

Rāma’s Lament, Vigil for Sītā, and Lakṣmaṇa’s Consolation

Devanagari script

नूनं जात्यन्तरे कस्मिन् स्त्रियः पुत्रैर्वियोजिताः।जनन्या मम सौमित्रे तस्मादेतदुपस्थितम्।।।।

Sanskrit recitationValmiki Ramayana 2.53.19

Transliteration

nūnaṁ jātyantare kasmin striyaḥ putrair viyojitāḥ |

jananyā mama saumitre tasmād etad upasthitam ||

Translation

Saumitra, gewiss hat meine Mutter in irgendeiner früheren Geburt Frauen von ihren Söhnen getrennt; darum ist dieses Unheil nun über sie gekommen.

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Word by Word

• नूनम्: certainly
• नूनम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नूनम् (अव्यय)
• Form: क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय (adverb of certainty)

• जात्यन्तरे: in another birth
• जात्यन्तरे: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जाति + अन्तर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (जात्याः अन्तरम्)

• कस्मिन्: in which (some)
• कस्मिन्: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: किम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; प्रश्नवाचक-सर्वनाम

• स्त्रियः: women
• स्त्रियः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्त्री (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन

• पुत्रैः: by/with sons
• पुत्रैः: Sahakarana (सहकरण/Instrumental)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन

• वियोजिताः: separated
• वियोजिताः: Kriya (क्रिया/Predicative participle)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि√युज् (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त/PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन; कर्मणि-प्रयोगार्थकः (passive sense)

• जनन्या: by (my) mother
• जनन्या: Sahakarana (सहकरण/Instrumental)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जननी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन

• मम: my
• मम: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन

• सौमित्रे: O Saumitri (Lakshmana)
• सौमित्रे: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Vocative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सौमित्रि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (8th/Vocative), एकवचन

• तस्मात्: therefore
• तस्मात्: Hetu (हेतु/Cause)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तस्मात् (सर्वनाम-अव्ययवत्)
• Form: अव्यय-प्रयोगः (ablatival adverb: ‘therefore/from that’)

• एतत्: this (all this)
• एतत्: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• उपस्थितम्: has befallen/has come about
• उपस्थितम्: Kriya (क्रिया/Predicative participle)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप√स्था (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त/PPP), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; ‘एतत्’ इत्यस्य विधेयम्

Context

We will have to spend this first night without Sumantra and away from human habitation. (Yet) you need not worry.

Characters & Entities

• Rama
• Lakshmana
• Kausalya

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Karmic causality framed as moral reflection: suffering is interpreted as arising from prior harm, encouraging humility and ethical restraint rather than blame.

What is the narrative situation?

Rama laments Kausalya’s pain at separation and interprets the misfortune through the lens of karma from a previous birth.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Empathy and introspection: Rama’s concern centers on his mother’s suffering and seeks moral meaning rather than resentment.