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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 21, Shloka 53

अयोध्याकाण्डे एकविंशः सर्गः

Lakṣmaṇa’s militant counsel and Rāma’s dharma-based persuasion of Kausalyā

नरैरिवोल्काभिरपोह्यमानोमहागजोऽध्वानमनुप्रविष्टः।भूयः प्रजज्वाल विलापमेवं निशम्य रामः करुणं जनन्याः।।2.21.53।।

narair ivolkābhir apohyamāno

mahāgajo 'dhvānam anupraviṣṭaḥ |

bhūyaḥ prajajvāla vilāpam evaṃ

niśamya rāmaḥ karuṇaṃ jananyāḥ || 2.21.53 ||

Als Rama das erbarmungswürdige Klagen seiner Mutter so vernahm, entbrannte er innerlich umso mehr—wie ein mächtiger Elefant, den Männer mit lodernden Fackeln vom Weg zurückdrängen.

नरैःby men
नरैः:
करण (Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootनर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गः, तृतीया-विभक्तिः (करणे), बहुवचनम्; English: masculine, instrumental case, plural
इवlike, as
इव:
सम्बन्ध/उपमा (Comparative marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (अव्यय)
Formउपमा-अव्ययम्; English: indeclinable particle of comparison ('like/as')
उल्काभिःby firebrands/meteors (burning brands)
उल्काभिः:
करण (Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootउल्का (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गः, तृतीया-विभक्तिः (करणे), बहुवचनम्; English: feminine, instrumental case, plural
अपोह्यमानःbeing driven back/prevented
अपोह्यमानः:
कर्म (Patient; describing the subject as being repelled/prevented)
TypeAdjective
Rootअप-√ऊह्/ऊह (धातु) → अपोह्य (कृदन्त-प्रत्यय) + मान (शानच्)
Formवर्तमानकाले कर्मणि-प्रयोगे शानच्-प्रत्ययान्तः (present passive participle); पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; English: present passive participle, masculine nominative singular
महागजःa mighty elephant
महागजः:
कर्ता (Agent; subject of the simile)
TypeNoun
Rootमहान् (प्रातिपदिक) + गज (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारय-समासः (महान् गजः); पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; English: karmadharaya compound, masculine nominative singular
अध्वानम्the path/way
अध्वानम्:
कर्म (Object)
TypeNoun
Rootअध्वन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गः, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; English: masculine, accusative case, singular
अनुप्रविष्टःhaving entered, gone along
अनुप्रविष्टः:
कर्ता (Agent; 'having entered' describing the subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootअनु-√विश् (धातु) → प्रविष्ट (क्त) + अनु- (उपसर्ग)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्तः भूतकर्मणि/भूतकृत् (past passive participle); पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; English: past participle, masculine nominative singular
भूयःagain, still more
भूयः:
क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial modifier)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootभूयस् (अव्यय/तुलनार्थ-प्रयोग)
Formक्रियाविशेषण-अव्ययम्; English: indeclinable adverb ('again, still more')
प्रजज्वालblazed, burned intensely
प्रजज्वाल:
क्रिया (Main action)
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-√ज्वल् (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकारः (परस्मैपदम्), प्रथम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्; English: perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active
विलापम्lamentation, wailing
विलापम्:
कर्म (Object; what was heard)
TypeNoun
Rootविलाप (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गः, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; English: masculine, accusative case, singular
एवम्thus, in this way
एवम्:
क्रियाविशेषण (Manner)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम् (अव्यय)
Formप्रकारवाचक-अव्ययम्; English: indeclinable adverb ('thus, in this way')
निशम्यhaving heard
निशम्य:
पूर्वकाल-क्रिया (Prior action; adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनि-√शम् (धातु) → निशम्य (ल्यप्/क्त्वा-प्रत्यय)
Formक्त्वान्त-अव्ययम् (ल्यप्/क्त्वा); English: gerund/absolutive ('having heard')
रामःRama
रामः:
कर्ता (Agent; subject of प्रजज्वाल)
TypeNoun
Rootराम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; English: masculine, nominative case, singular
करुणम्pitiful, sorrowful
करुणम्:
कर्म-विशेषण (Qualifier of the object)
TypeAdjective
Rootकरुण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गः, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; English: neuter, accusative case, singular; विशेषणम् (विलापम् इति विशेष्यस्य)
जनन्याःof (his) mother
जनन्याः:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootजननी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गः, षष्ठी-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; English: feminine, genitive case, singular

At the (inconsolable) lamentations of his mother, Rama was in flames (within) like a mighty elephant prevented from entering the highway by men with fire-works.

R
Rama
K
Kausalya

FAQs

Dharma often requires enduring inner anguish without abandoning the righteous path; the verse depicts that tension rather than denying it.

As Kausalya laments, the narrator describes Rama’s intensified inner pain through a vivid simile.

Compassion restrained by duty—Rama feels deeply yet remains committed to the dharmic decision.