Previous Verse
Next Verse

Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 21, Shloka 28

अयोध्याकाण्डे एकविंशः सर्गः

Lakṣmaṇa’s militant counsel and Rāma’s dharma-based persuasion of Kausalyā

विलपन्तीं तथा दीनां कौसल्यां जननीं ततः।उवाच रामो धर्मात्मा वचनं धर्मसंहितम्।।2.21.28।।

vilapantīṃ tathā dīnāṃ kausalyāṃ jananīṃ tataḥ | uvāca rāmo dharmātmā vacanaṃ dharmasaṃhitam || 2.21.28 ||

Darauf sprach Rāma, der in Dharma fest gegründet war, zu seiner Mutter Kausalyā, die elend und klagend war, Worte, die ganz von Rechtschaffenheit durchdrungen waren.

विलपन्तीम्lamenting
विलपन्तीम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootvilapantī (कृदन्त; √lap लप् + vi-)
Formवर्तमानकृदन्त (शतृ/शानच्), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘lamenting’
तथाthus
तथा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottathā (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (adverb): ‘thus/in that way’
दीनाम्wretched
दीनाम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdīna (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (agreeing with कौसल्याम्/जननीम्)
कौसल्याम्Kausalya
कौसल्याम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootkausalyā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
जननीम्mother
जननीम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootjananī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
ततःthen
ततः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottataḥ (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (adverb): ‘then’
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vac वच् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
रामःRama
रामः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootrāma (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
धर्मात्माrighteous-souled
धर्मात्मा:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdharma (प्रातिपदिक) + ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
Formबहुव्रीहि-समास: ‘whose self is dharma’ = ‘righteous’; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (qualifying रामः)
वचनम्words
वचनम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvacana (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
धर्मसंहितम्consistent with righteousness
धर्मसंहितम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdharma (प्रातिपदिक) + saṃhita (कृदन्त; √dhā धा + sam-)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास: ‘in accordance with dharma’; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन (agreeing with वचनम्)

Thereafter, virtuous Rama addressed these words consistent with righteousness to his miserable mother Kausalya who was thus lamenting:

R
Rāma
K
Kausalyā
D
Dharma

FAQs

Rāma’s response is framed as dharma-consistent speech: even amid grief and conflict, one should speak in alignment with righteousness.

After Kausalyā’s lament and pleas, the narration transitions to Rāma’s dharmic reply.

Rāma’s dharmātmā nature—moral steadiness and principled speech under pressure.