Shloka 35

सा राघवमुपासीनमसुखार्ता सुखोचिता।उवाच पुरुषव्याघ्रमुपशृण्वति लक्ष्मणे।।।।

sā rāghavam upāsīnam asukhārtā sukhocitā | uvāca puruṣavyāghram upaśṛṇvati lakṣmaṇe ||

Kaushalyā—zum Glück bestimmt und doch von Kummer bedrängt—sprach zu Rāma, dem Tiger unter den Männern, der nahe bei ihr saß, während Lakṣmaṇa zuhörte.

she
:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
rāghavamRaghava (Rama)
rāghavam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootrāghava (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
upāsīnamsitting nearby
upāsīnam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootupa + √ās (धातु)
FormPast active participle (क्तवत्/क्त, usage as seated), Masculine, Accusative, Singular; ‘sitting near’ qualifying rāghavam
asukhārtādistressed by unhappiness
asukhārtā:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Roota + sukha + ārta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular; tatpuruṣa ‘afflicted by lack of happiness’ qualifying sā
sukhocitādeserving happiness
sukhocitā:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsukha + ucita (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular; ‘fit for happiness’ qualifying sā
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vac (धातु)
FormLiṭ (perfect), 3rd person, Singular, Parasmaipada
puruṣavyāghramthe tiger among men
puruṣavyāghram:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootpuruṣa + vyāghra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular; tatpuruṣa ‘tiger among men’ (best of men)
upaśṛṇvatiwhile (someone) listens
upaśṛṇvati:
Sati-saptamī (सति-सप्तमी)
TypeVerb
Rootupa + √śru (धातु)
FormŚatṛ present active participle, Masculine, Locative (7th), Singular; locative absolute with lakṣmaṇe: ‘while Lakṣmaṇa was listening’
lakṣmaṇewhen Lakshmana (was present/listening)
lakṣmaṇe:
Sati-saptamī (सति-सप्तमी)
TypeNoun
Rootlakṣmaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Locative (7th), Singular; with upaśṛṇvati forming locative absolute

Kausalya who deserved happiness yet was struck down by (this) distress spoke to Rama, the tiger among men who was sitting nearby, while Lakshmana was listening.

K
Kausalyā
R
Rāma
L
Lakṣmaṇa

FAQs

Dharma here is expressed through dignified speech in suffering: even in grief, Kausalyā addresses Rāma with honorific restraint, reflecting the Ramayana’s ideal of measured conduct (maryādā) amid crisis.

After the decision for Rāma’s exile, Kausalyā sits with him and begins her lament; Lakṣmaṇa remains present and listens.

Rāma’s stature as “puruṣavyāghra” (best among men) is foregrounded, implying steadiness and exemplary conduct even as his mother grieves.