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Shloka 61

सत्यपाशः

Kaikeyi’s Demand and the Noose of the King’s Promise

यदा वक्तुं स्वयं दैन्यान्न शशाक महीपतिः।।।।तदा सुमन्त्रं मन्त्रज्ञा कैकेयी प्रत्युवाच ह।

yadā vaktuṃ svayaṃ dainyān na śaśāka mahīpatiḥ | tadā sumantraṃ mantrajñā kaikeyī pratyuvāca ha ||

Als der Herr der Erde in seinem Elend nicht vermochte, selbst zu sprechen, da erwiderte Kaikeyī, kundig im Rat, dem Sumantra.

yadāwhen
yadā:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa-dyotaka (काल-अधिकरण द्योतक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyadā (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya, relative temporal adverb (कालवाचक)
vaktumto speak
vaktum:
Prayojana/Anukūla (प्रयोजन)
TypeVerb
Root√vac (धातु)
FormTumun (तुमुन्) infinitive (तुमन्त): "to speak"
svayamhimself
svayam:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsvayam (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya, reflexive adverb (स्वार्थक)
dainyātfrom wretchedness/due to misery
dainyāt:
Hetu (हेतु)
TypeNoun
Rootdainya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Ablative (5th/पञ्चमी), Singular; causal ablative (हेतौ पञ्चमी)
nanot
na:
Nipāta (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormNegation particle (निषेध)
śaśākawas able
śaśāka:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√śak (धातु)
FormLiṭ-lakāra (लिट्, perfect), 3rd person, Singular, Parasmaipada; "was able"
mahīpatiḥthe king
mahīpatiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootmahīpati (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa: mahyāḥ patiḥ; Masculine, Nominative, Singular
tadāthen
tadā:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottadā (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya, temporal adverb
sumantramSumantra
sumantram:
Karma (कर्म) (addressee/object of pratyuvāca)
TypeNoun
Rootsumantra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
mantrajñāknower of counsel
mantrajñā:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootmantrajñā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa: mantraṃ jānāti; Feminine, Nominative, Singular; adjective to kaikeyī
kaikeyīKaikeyi
kaikeyī:
Karta (कर्ता) (of pratyuvāca)
TypeNoun
Rootkaikeyī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
pratyuvācareplied
pratyuvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootprati + √vac (धातु)
FormLiṭ-lakāra (लिट्, perfect), 3rd person, Singular, Parasmaipada
haindeed (narrative)
ha:
Nipāta (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootha (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya, narrative particle (स्म/ह इति), indicates report/tradition

When the king himself in that wretched state was not able to speak to Sumantra, crafty Kaikeyi said to him in reply:

D
Daśaratha
S
Sumantra
K
Kaikeyī

FAQs

The verse warns how power can shift when rightful authority is incapacitated; dharma requires vigilance so that counsel and speech serve truth rather than manipulation.

Daśaratha, overcome by grief, cannot respond; Kaikeyī steps in and speaks to Sumantra.

Kaikeyī’s strategic agency (mantrajñā) is emphasized—presented as skill in counsel, though the broader episode frames it with moral ambiguity.