Valmiki Ramayana 2.111.12 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 111, Shloka 12

अयोध्याकाण्डे एकादशोत्तरशततमः सर्गः

Sarga 111: Counsel on Gurus, Parental Debt, and Bharata’s Protest

Devanagari script

एवमुक्तस्तु रामेण भरतः प्रत्यनन्तरम्।उवाच परमोदारस्सूतं परमदुर्मनाः।।।।

Transliteration

evam uktas tu rāmeṇa bharataḥ praty-anantaram | uvāca paramodāraḥ sūtaṃ parama-durmanāḥ ||

Translation

So von Rāma angesprochen, sprach Bharata — edel und überaus freigebig, doch von Kummer überwältigt — sogleich zu dem nahe stehenden Wagenlenker.

Word by Word

• एवम्: thus
• एवम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; प्रकारवाचक

• उक्तः: having been addressed
• उक्तः: Karta (कर्ता; भरतः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त, पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; भरतः (being addressed)

• तु: but
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; विरोध/विशेषार्थक

• रामेण: by Rama
• रामेण: Karta (कर्ता—तृतीया)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; कर्तृ-निर्देशः (agent)

• भरतः: Bharata
• भरतः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भरत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• प्रति-अनन्तरम्: immediately, close by
• प्रति-अनन्तरम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्रति (अव्यय/उपसर्ग) + अनन्तर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभाव-समासः; अव्ययवत्—“immediately/nearby”

• उवाच: said
• उवाच: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• परम-उदारः: very generous
• परम-उदारः: Karta (कर्ता; भरतस्य विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परम (प्रातिपदिक) + उदार (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मधारयः—परमः उदारः (very generous)

• सूतम्: to the charioteer
• सूतम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन

• परम-दुर्मनाः: extremely distressed
• परम-दुर्मनाः: Karta (कर्ता; भरतस्य विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परम (प्रातिपदिक) + दुर्मनस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मधारयः—परमः दुर्मनाः (extremely distressed)

Context

Having been addressed by Rama in this way, Bharata of great generosity, in extreme distress, addressing the charioteer who was standing nearby said:

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Bharata
• Sūta (charioteer)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma under distress: even in sorrow, action is required—Bharata moves from emotion to purposeful speech, preparing to do what duty demands.

What is the narrative situation?

After hearing Rāma’s firm commitment to truth and promise, Bharata—grief-stricken—turns immediately to give instructions to the charioteer.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Udāratā (nobility/generosity) joined with resolve—capacity to act rightly despite intense mental anguish.