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Valmiki Ramayana 2.105.24: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 105, Shloka 24

भरतस्य प्रार्थना—रामस्य कालधर्मोपदेशः

Bharata’s Petition and Rama’s Instruction on Time and Mortality

नन्दन्त्युदित आदित्ये नन्दन्त्यस्तमितेऽहनि।

आत्मनो नावबुध्यन्ते मनुष्या जीवितक्षयम्।।2.105.24।।

Sanskrit recitationValmiki Ramayana 2.105.24

nandanty udita āditye nandanty astamite 'hani | ātmano nāvabudhyante manuṣyā jīvitakṣayam || 2.105.24 ||

Die Menschen freuen sich, wenn die Sonne aufgeht, und freuen sich wieder, wenn der Tag sich neigt und die Sonne untergeht; doch sie erkennen nicht, dass ihre eigene Lebensspanne stetig schwindet.

nandantirejoice
nandanti:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√nand (नन्द् धातु)
FormPresent (लट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)
uditewhen risen
udite:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootudita (उदित कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; ud-√i धातु)
FormPast participle (क्त), Masculine Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन) (agreeing with āditye)
ādityein/when the sun
āditye:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootāditya (आदित्य प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)
nandantirejoice
nandanti:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√nand (नन्द् धातु)
FormPresent (लट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)
astamitewhen set
astamite:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootastamita (अस्तमित कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; astaṃ-√i धातु)
FormPast participle (क्त), Neuter Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन) (agreeing with ahani)
ahaniin the day (at day’s end)
ahani:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootahan (अहन् प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)
ātmanaḥof themselves/their own
ātmanaḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootātman (आत्मन् प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)
nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (न अव्यय)
FormNegation particle (निषेध अव्यय)
avabudhyanteunderstand/notice
avabudhyante:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootava-√budh (अव + बुध् धातु)
FormPresent (लट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद)
manuṣyāḥpeople
manuṣyāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootmanuṣya (मनुष्य प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)
jīvita-kṣayamthe decline of life
jīvita-kṣayam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootjīvita (जीवित प्रातिपदिक) + kṣaya (क्षय प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: जीवितस्य क्षयः = 'loss of life'

At the advent of each new season men feel delighted to see the newly blossomedflowers and fruits. But with the change of the scasons the life span also diminishes.

S
Sun (Āditya)

FAQs

Mindful living: dharma requires awareness of time and mortality, so one should not waste life in heedless delight.

Bharata instructs Rāma using everyday phenomena (sunrise and sunset) to highlight the unnoticed loss of life with passing days.

Bharata’s wisdom and detachment—he urges clear-sightedness about impermanence to steady the mind.

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