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Shloka 39

शततमः सर्गः — Rāma Questions Bharata on Rājadharma

Governance, Counsel, and Public Welfare

धर्मशास्त्रेषु मुख्येषु विद्यमानेषु दुर्बुधाः।बुद्धिमान्वीक्षिकीं प्राप्य निरर्थं प्रवदन्ति ते।।।।

dharmaśāstreṣu mukhyeṣu vidyamāneṣu durbudhāḥ | buddhim ānvīkṣikīṃ prāpya nirarthaṃ pravadanti te ||

Obwohl die erhabensten Dharma-Śāstras vorhanden sind, ergreifen jene von stumpfem Verstand nur die bloße Streitlogik und reden nichts als Nutzloses.

धर्मशास्त्रेषुin the dharma-śāstras
धर्मशास्त्रेषु:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म + शास्त्र (प्रातिपदिक; धर्मशास्त्र) (समास)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी) Plural (बहुवचन); 'in dharma-texts'
मुख्येषुprincipal / foremost
मुख्येषु:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण) (qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootमुख्य (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी) Plural (बहुवचन); agreeing with 'धर्मशास्त्रेषु'
विद्यमानेषुwhen (they) exist / being available
विद्यमानेषु:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण) (locative absolute-like qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootविद्यमान (कृदन्त; विद् धातु (धातु) + शानच् (शतृ/शानच्))
FormPresent participle (शानच्), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी) Plural (बहुवचन); 'while existing/being present'
दुर्बुधाःthe foolish / dull-witted
दुर्बुधाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्बुध (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Plural (बहुवचन)
बुद्धिम्intelligence / understanding
बुद्धिम्:
Karma (कर्म) (object with 'प्राप्य')
TypeNoun
Rootबुद्धि (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया) Singular (एकवचन)
आन्वीक्षिकीम्logic / the science of inquiry
आन्वीक्षिकीम्:
Karma (कर्म) (specified object)
TypeNoun
Rootआन्वीक्षिकी (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया) Singular (एकवचन); apposition/specification to 'बुद्धिम्'
प्राप्यhaving obtained
प्राप्य:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः) (gerund modifying 'प्रवदन्ति')
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्र + आप् (धातु) (कृदन्त; ल्यप्)
FormAbsolutive (ल्यपन्त-अव्ययकृदन्त): 'having obtained'
निरर्थम्vainly / uselessly
निरर्थम्:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण) (manner)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनिरर्थ (प्रातिपदिक; used adverbially)
FormAdverbial accusative (क्रियाविशेषण-रूपेण द्वितीया): 'vainly, to no purpose'
प्रवदन्तिthey speak / argue
प्रवदन्ति:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवद् (धातु) (प्र-उपसर्ग)
FormPresent tense (लट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), Third person (प्रथमपुरुष) Plural (बहुवचन)
तेthey
ते:
Karta (कर्ता) (apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Plural (बहुवचन); pronoun referring to 'दुर्बुधाः'

While principal scriptures do exist, these superficial fellows take resort to the science of logic based on abstract reasoning, and indulge in futile talks.

B
Bharata

FAQs

Reasoning should serve dharma and truth, not replace them with empty disputation; wisdom is measured by ethical clarity and benefit, not argument alone.

Continuing his counsel, Rāma contrasts authoritative dharma-guidance with futile sophistry, warning Bharata against hollow debates.

Satya-buddhi (truth-oriented intelligence): using intellect to uphold righteous conduct rather than vanity.