Shloka 10

Dharma of the Renunciant: Alms Discipline, Meditation, and Expiations

Devanagari script

प्रधानपुरुषातीतमाकाशं दहनं शिवम् । तदंतं सर्वभावानामीश्वरं ब्रह्मरूपिणम्

Transliteration

pradhānapuruṣātītamākāśaṃ dahanaṃ śivam | tadaṃtaṃ sarvabhāvānāmīśvaraṃ brahmarūpiṇam

Translation

Jenseits von Pradhāna (Urnatur) und Puruṣa (bewusstes Prinzip) ist der Ākāśa; und jenseits auch dessen das Feuer: der glückverheißende Śiva, Grenze aller Seinszustände, der Herr, dessen Gestalt Brahman ist.

Word by Word

• प्रधानपुरुषातीतम्: beyond Pradhāna and Puruṣa
• प्रधानपुरुषातीतम्: विशेषण (Adjectival to Karma)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रधान-पुरुष-अतीत (प्रातिपदिक; components: प्रधान + पुरुष + अतीत)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular); विशेषणम् (qualifying) आकाशम्

• आकाशम्: ether/space
• आकाशम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आकाश (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• दहनम्: fire (burning principle)
• दहनम्: कर्म (Karma/Object; apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दहन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular); समानाधिकरण (apposition) आकाशम्

• शिवम्: auspicious; Śiva
• शिवम्: विशेषण (Adjectival to Karma)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शिव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular); विशेषणम्/समानाधिकरण (as epithet) आकाशम्

• तत्-अन्तम्: having that as the end/limit; culminating therein
• तत्-अन्तम्: विशेषण (Adjectival to Karma)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तद्-अन्त (प्रातिपदिक; components: तत् + अन्त)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular); विशेषणम् (qualifying) ईश्वरम्

• सर्वभावानाम्: of all states/existents
• सर्वभावानाम्: सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्व-भाव (प्रातिपदिक; components: सर्व + भाव)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), षष्ठी विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), बहुवचन (Plural)

• ईश्वरम्: the Lord
• ईश्वरम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ईश्वर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• ब्रह्मरूपिणम्: having the form of Brahman
• ब्रह्मरूपिणम्: विशेषण (Adjectival to Karma)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ब्रह्म-रूपिन् (प्रातिपदिक; components: ब्रह्मन् + रूपिन्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular); विशेषणम् (qualifying) ईश्वरम्

Speaker

Unspecified in provided excerpt (context needed from Adhyaya 60 frame-dialogue).

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: celestial_realm

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: प्रधानपुरुषातीतमाकाशम् = प्रधानपुरुषातीतम् + आकाशम्; तदंतं = तत् + अन्तम्; सर्वभावानामीश्वरम् = सर्वभावानाम् + ईश्वरम्

Characters & Entities

• Śiva
• Īśvara
• Brahman
• Pradhāna
• Puruṣa
• Ākāśa
• Agni (Dahana)

FAQs

What philosophical idea is emphasized by describing Śiva as 'beyond Pradhāna and Puruṣa'?

It frames Śiva as the supreme reality transcending both matter (Pradhāna) and individual consciousness (Puruṣa), aligning Śiva with the non-dual Brahman beyond Sāṅkhya categories.

Why are ākāśa (ether) and dahana (fire) mentioned in this verse?

They function as cosmological markers in a hierarchy of principles, culminating in the identification of the ultimate limit and ground of all existence as Īśvara/Śiva.

What is the ethical or spiritual takeaway from calling the Lord 'the limit of all states of being'?

It encourages detachment from changing conditions and identities, directing devotion and contemplation toward the unconditioned Lord who underlies and completes all experience.