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Shloka 44

Prohibitions and Rules of Right Conduct (Ācāra): Theft, Speech, Purity, Residence, and Social Boundaries

नास्तं यांतं न वारिस्थं नोपस्पृष्टं न मध्यगम् । तिरोहितं समीक्षेत नादर्शाद्यनुगामिनम्

nāstaṃ yāṃtaṃ na vāristhaṃ nopaspṛṣṭaṃ na madhyagam | tirohitaṃ samīkṣeta nādarśādyanugāminam

Man soll die Sonne nicht ansehen, wenn sie untergeht, wenn sie auf ihrer Bahn fortschreitet, wenn sie sich im Wasser spiegelt, wenn sie durch Berührung verhüllt ist (etwa durch Wolken oder Unreinheit), noch wenn sie im Zenit steht. Auch soll man sie nicht betrachten, wenn sie verborgen ist (durch Finsternis u. Ä.), sie nicht mit den Augen verfolgen und sie nicht in Spiegeln und dergleichen anschauen.

nanot
na:
Pratiṣedha (Negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (निपात)
Formनिषेधार्थक-अव्यय
astam(the sun) at setting
astam:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootasta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Masculine, Accusative, Singular (गमन-विशेष्य; 'setting')
yāntamgoing (down)
yāntam:
Viśeṣaṇa (Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootyā (धातु) → yānt (कृदन्त)
Formवर्तमानकृदन्त (शतृ), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Present participle, Masculine, Accusative, Singular
nanot
na:
Pratiṣedha (Negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (निपात)
Formनिषेधार्थक-अव्यय
vāristhamstanding in water
vāristham:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootvāri + stha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Masculine, Accusative, Singular; तत्पुरुषः (vāri-stha = situated in water)
nanot
na:
Pratiṣedha (Negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (निपात)
Formनिषेधार्थक-अव्यय
upaspṛṣṭamtouched (after ablution/ritual touch)
upaspṛṣṭam:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootupa + spṛś (धातु) → upaspṛṣṭa (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकृदन्त (क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Past passive participle, Masculine, Accusative, Singular
nanot
na:
Pratiṣedha (Negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (निपात)
Formनिषेधार्थक-अव्यय
madhyagambeing in the middle
madhyagam:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootmadhya + ga (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Masculine, Accusative, Singular; तत्पुरुषः (madhya-ga = in the middle)
tirohitamhidden, obscured
tirohitam:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Roottiro + dhā (धातु) → tirohita (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकृदन्त (क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Past participle, Masculine, Accusative, Singular
samīkṣetashould look at/observe
samīkṣeta:
Kriyā (Predicate/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootsam + īkṣ (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), आत्मनेपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; Optative, 3rd person, Singular
nanot
na:
Pratiṣedha (Negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (निपात)
Formनिषेधार्थक-अव्यय
ādarśātfrom a mirror
ādarśāt:
Apādāna (Source/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootādarśa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Masculine, Ablative, Singular
anugāminamfollowing (i.e., the reflected image)
anugāminam:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootanu + gam (धातु) → anugāmin (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Masculine, Accusative, Singular (विशेष्य-अनुक्त; e.g., 'reflection/image')

Unspecified (contextual narrator/instructor in Svargakhaṇḍa 55)

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Sandhi Resolution Notes: nāstaṃ → na astam; yāṃtaṃ → yāntam; nोपस्पृष्टं → na upaspṛṣṭam; samīkṣeta nādarśād y-anugāminam → samīkṣeta na ādarśāt anugāminam (y- is sandhi glide).

S
Sun (Sūrya)

FAQs

It regulates Sūrya-darśana (gazing at the sun), listing conditions under which one should avoid looking at the sun directly or indirectly (e.g., via reflection).

It extends the prohibition to indirect viewing through reflections—water (vāristha) and mirror-like surfaces (ādarśa-ādi)—not only direct gazing.

It emphasizes disciplined self-restraint in daily conduct (ācāra), teaching careful regulation of the senses and attentiveness to purity and proper timing in religious life.