Shloka 13

The Greatness of the Kāliṇdī (Yamunā): Merit of Bathing, Charity, and Faith

Devanagari script

सर्वेषां सर्ववर्णानामाश्रमाणां च भूपते । यामुने मज्जनं धर्मं धाराभिः खलु वर्षति

Transliteration

sarveṣāṃ sarvavarṇānāmāśramāṇāṃ ca bhūpate | yāmune majjanaṃ dharmaṃ dhārābhiḥ khalu varṣati

Translation

O König, für Menschen aller Varṇas und aller Āśramas lässt das Bad in der Yamunā wahrlich Dharma in Strömen herabregnen.

Word by Word

• सर्वेषाम्: of all
• सर्वेषाम्: Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन; 'of all'

• सर्व-वर्णानाम्: of all social classes (varṇas)
• सर्व-वर्णानाम्: Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक) + वर्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन; समासः—सर्वे वर्णाः (कर्मधारय)

• आश्रमाणाम्: of (all) āśramas/stages of life
• आश्रमाणाम्: Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आश्रम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• भूपते: O king
• भूपते: Sambodhana (Address/सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भूपति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (8th/Vocative), एकवचन

• यामुने: in the Yamunā
• यामुने: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: यामुन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; विशेषणरूपेण (in/at the Yamunā)

• मज्जनम्: immersion (bathing)
• मज्जनम्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मज्जन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; 'bathing/immersion'

• धर्मम्: dharma, merit
• धर्मम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• धाराभिः: with streams
• धाराभिः: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धारा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन

• खलु: indeed
• खलु: Sambandha (Emphasis/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: खलु (अव्यय)
• Form: निश्चय/अवधारणार्थक-अव्यय (particle: 'indeed/surely')

• वर्षति: rains down, showers
• वर्षति: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वृष् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

Speaker

Unspecified (contextual narrator addressing a king)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: vira

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: river

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: सर्ववर्णानामाश्रमाणाम्→सर्ववर्णानाम् + आश्रमाणाम्

Characters & Entities

• Yamunā

FAQs

What practice is praised in this verse?

The verse praises bathing (majjana/snānā) in the river Yamunā as a powerful tirtha-practice that generates dharma (religious merit).

Who is eligible for the benefit described here?

It explicitly includes all varṇas and all āśramas—i.e., people across social categories and life-stages—indicating universal accessibility of the tirtha’s merit.

What is the ethical or spiritual lesson emphasized?

That dharma can be cultivated through sincere sacred practice available to everyone, and that holy places (tirthas) are presented as abundant sources of spiritual uplift.