Shloka 109

Brahmin Right Conduct: Morning Remembrance, Bathing, Purification, and Tarpaṇa Method

Devanagari script

विघसं चान्यदुच्छिष्टं पाकार्थं च परस्य च । न स्थातव्यं न गंतव्यं क्षणमप्यसता सह

Transliteration

vighasaṃ cānyaducchiṣṭaṃ pākārthaṃ ca parasya ca | na sthātavyaṃ na gaṃtavyaṃ kṣaṇamapyasatā saha

Translation

Man soll nicht bei einem bösen Menschen verweilen und nicht einmal mit ihm gehen, auch nicht für einen Augenblick—sei es wegen des Essens von Resten (vighasa), anderer Überbleibsel, zum Kochen oder für die Zwecke eines anderen.

Word by Word

• विघसम्: leftover food (after eating)
• विघसम्: कर्म (Karma)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विघस (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• च: and
• च: सम्बन्ध (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• अन्यत्-उच्छिष्टम्: another’s leftovers
• अन्यत्-उच्छिष्टम्: कर्म (Karma)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्यत् (प्रातिपदिक) + उच्छिष्ट (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; कर्मधारय: ‘अन्यत् उच्छिष्टम्’ (other’s leavings)

• पाक-अर्थम्: for cooking (purpose)
• पाक-अर्थम्: प्रयोजन (Prayojana/Purpose)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाक (प्रातिपदिक) + अर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (चतुर्थी/षष्ठी-भाव): ‘पाकाय/पाकस्य अर्थः’

• च: and
• च: सम्बन्ध (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• परस्य: of another/person
• परस्य: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), एकवचन

• च: and
• च: सम्बन्ध (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• न: not
• न: सम्बन्ध (Negation marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय

• स्थातव्यम्: should not stay/stand
• स्थातव्यम्: क्रिया (Kriyā)
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्था (धातु) + तव्यत् (कृत् प्रत्यय)
• Form: कृत्य-प्रत्ययान्त (gerundive/तव्यत्), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; भावे/कर्तरि प्रयोग: ‘स्थातव्यम्’ = should stand/remain

• न: not
• न: सम्बन्ध (Negation marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय

• गन्तव्यम्: should not go
• गन्तव्यम्: क्रिया (Kriyā)
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (धातु) + तव्यत् (कृत् प्रत्यय)
• Form: कृत्य-प्रत्ययान्त (gerundive/तव्यत्), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; ‘गन्तव्यम्’ = should go

• क्षणम्: for a moment
• क्षणम्: कालाधिकरण (Kāla-adhikaraṇa/Temporal)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; काल-अवधि (time-extent)

• अपि: even
• अपि: सम्बन्ध (Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (particle: even/also)

• असता: with a wicked person
• असता: सहकारक (Sahakāraka/Instrumental with saha)
• Type: Noun
• Root: असत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचन

• सह: with
• सह: सम्बन्ध (Association marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सह (अव्यय)
• Form: सह-अव्यय (postposition: with)

Speaker

Unknown (verse excerpt provided without surrounding dialogue context)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: चान्यदुच्छिष्टम् = च + अन्यत्-उच्छिष्टम्; गंतव्यं = गन्तव्यम्; क्षणमप्यसता = क्षणम् + अपि + असता.

FAQs

What ethical lesson does this verse teach?

It teaches strict avoidance of association with immoral or deceitful people—do not keep company with them or join them even briefly, regardless of practical reasons.

What do ‘vighasa’ and ‘ucchiṣṭa’ indicate in the verse?

Both refer to food-remnants/leftovers; the verse uses them as examples of everyday pretexts that should not justify keeping company with a wicked person.

Does this verse relate to Bhakti or creation myths in Sṛṣṭikhaṇḍa?

This specific verse is primarily a dharma/ethical instruction (sadācāra) rather than a creation narrative; it supports spiritual life indirectly by emphasizing purity of company (saṅga).