Shloka 4

Yama-vilāpana

The Lamentation Concerning Yama

Devanagari script

उपोष्य वासरं विष्णोर्लोकं यांति नृपाज्ञया । सोऽस्माकं हि महान् शत्रुर्भवतां च विशेषतः ॥ ४ ॥

Transliteration

upoṣya vāsaraṃ viṣṇorlokaṃ yāṃti nṛpājñayā | so'smākaṃ hi mahān śatrurbhavatāṃ ca viśeṣataḥ || 4 ||

Translation

Nachdem sie einen Tag gefastet haben, gelangen sie auf königlichen Befehl in Viṣṇus Welt. Wahrlich, er ist ein großer Feind für uns—und besonders für euch.

Word by Word

• उपोष्य: having fasted
• उपोष्य: Purvakala (पूर्वकाल/Prior action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप-वस् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययभाव (indeclinable verbal), ‘having fasted’

• वासरम्: a day
• वासरम्: Karma (कर्म/Object of उपोष्य)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वासर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• विष्णोः: of Vishnu
• विष्णोः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विष्णु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन

• लोकम्: world (realm)
• लोकम्: Gati-Karma (गतिकर्म/Goal as object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लोक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• यान्ति: go
• यान्ति: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: या (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन, परस्मैपद

• नृपाज्ञया: by the king’s command
• नृपाज्ञया: Karana (करण/Instrument/means: by order)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृप-आज्ञा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समास: नृपस्य आज्ञया (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन

• सः: he
• सः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• अस्माकम्: of us/our
• अस्माकम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी, बहुवचन (genitive plural)

• हि: indeed/for
• हि: Nipata (निपात/Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (emphatic/causal particle)

• महान्: great
• महान्: Visheshana (विशेषण of शत्रुः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• शत्रुः: enemy
• शत्रुः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject complement)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शत्रु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• भवताम्: of you (all)
• भवताम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भवत् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचन (honorific ‘you’)

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)

• विशेषतः: especially
• विशेषतः: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: विशेषतस् (अव्यय)
• Form: क्रियाविशेषण अव्यय (adverb)

Speaker

Unspecified (narrative dialogue voice within Uttara-Bhaga; exact speaker not stated in the provided verse)

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: Upoṣa (one-day fast)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: raudra

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Characters & Entities

• Vishnu

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in Narada Purana?

It states the fruit (phala) of a one-day fast: attainment of Viṣṇu’s realm, highlighting vrata as a direct means to higher spiritual destinations.

How does this verse explain the path of devotion (Bhakti)?

By linking upavāsa (fasting) to reaching Viṣṇu-loka, it frames bodily discipline as an offering that supports Viṣṇu-bhakti and produces divine proximity as its result.

What practical Vedic knowledge (Vedanga) is highlighted here?

Ritual discipline (kalpa-oriented practice) is implied: the regulated observance of a vrata (one-day fast) and its stated phala, rather than grammar or astrology.