Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 27

Adhyaya 8Harishchandra’s Trial: Truth, the Sale of Family, and Bondage to a Chandala

हा हा कथं त्वया शक्यं वक्तुमेतत् शुचिस्मिते ।

दुर्वाच्यमेतद्वचनं कर्तुं शक्नोम्यहं कथम् ॥

hā hā kathaṃ tvayā śakyaṃ vaktum etat śucismite /

durvācyam etad vacanaṃ kartuṃ śaknomy ahaṃ katham //

„Weh, weh! Wie kannst du so etwas sagen, o du mit reinem Lächeln? Das ist eine harte, unziemliche Rede — wie könnte ich mich je dazu bringen, solche Worte auszusprechen?“

हाalas!
हा:
Bhava (भाव)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; विस्मय/शोकसूचक उद्गार (interjection of grief)
हाalas!
हा:
Bhava (भाव)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; उद्गार (interjection)
कथम्how?
कथम्:
Prashna (प्रश्न)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; प्रश्नार्थक क्रियाविशेषण (interrogative adverb)
त्वयाby you
त्वया:
Kartr-karana (कर्तृकरण/Agent in passive)
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental), एकवचन (Singular)
शक्यम्possible
शक्यम्:
Pradhana-visheshana (प्रधानविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootशक्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन (Singular); विधेय-विशेषण (predicative adjective): ‘possible’
वक्तुम्to say
वक्तुम्:
Prayojana/Anukriya (प्रयोजन)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formतुमुन्-प्रत्ययान्त (infinitive), अव्ययवत्; ‘to speak’
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular)
शुचिस्मितेO pure-smiling one
शुचिस्मिते:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootशुचि-स्मित (प्रातिपदिक; शुचि + स्मित)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति (Vocative), एकवचन (Singular)
दुर्वाच्यम्unspeakable/difficult to utter
दुर्वाच्यम्:
Pradhana-visheshana (प्रधानविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootदुर्-वाच्य (प्रातिपदिक; दुर् + वाच्य)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन (Singular); विधेय-विशेषण (predicative): ‘hard to say’
एतत्this
एतत्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन (Singular); विशेषण (qualifying ‘वचनम्’)
वचनम्speech/statement
वचनम्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootवचन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)
कर्तुम्to do
कर्तुम्:
Prayojana/Anukriya (प्रयोजन)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formतुमुन्-प्रत्ययान्त (infinitive), अव्ययवत्; ‘to do’
शक्नोमिI am able
शक्नोमि:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootशक् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), उत्तम-पुरुष (1st person), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)
कथम्how?
कथम्:
Prashna (प्रश्न)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; प्रश्नार्थक क्रियाविशेषण (interrogative adverb), पुनरुक्ति for emphasis
A male speaker addressing a woman (‘śucismite’) within the Devi Mahatmyam narrative context (exact speaker identification varies by recension/edition; commonly read as a dialogic exchange amid the demon–Goddess encounter narratives)
Not explicitly named in this verse
Dharma of speech (vāg-dharma)Propriety and restraintMoral hesitation toward harsh/indecent utteranceNarrative dialogue within Devi Mahatmyam

FAQs

The verse foregrounds vāg-saṃyama—restraint and discernment in speech. Even under provocation or intense circumstance, one should avoid words that are ‘durvācyam’ (improper/harsh/indecent), because speech is treated as a moral act with consequences in dharma literature.

This verse is primarily narrative-dialogic within a sacred history/teaching section rather than a direct treatment of sarga (creation), pratisarga, vaṃśa (genealogies), manvantara, or vaṃśānucarita. It most closely aligns with vaṃśānucarita/itihāsa-style narration insofar as it is part of the Purāṇic storytelling frame, but it is not a pancalakṣaṇa data-point itself.

On an inner-reading, ‘durvācyam’ can indicate the tamasic impulse toward corrosive or degrading speech, while the reluctance to utter it signals the sattvic guarding of vāk (speech as śakti). The address ‘śucismite’ evokes purity/clarity: the purified mind recoils from speech that would thicken ignorance or intensify hostility.