HomeMarkandeya PuranaAdhy. 8Shloka 138
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Shloka 138

Adhyaya 8Harishchandra’s Trial: Truth, the Sale of Family, and Bondage to a Chandala

अपश्यद्यददूतान् वै पाशहस्तान् भयावहान् ।

तैः संगृहीतमात्मानं नीयमानं तदा बलात् ॥

apaśyad yamadūtān vai pāśahastān bhayāvahān |

taiḥ saṃgṛhītam ātmānaṃ nīyamānaṃ tadā balāt ||

Er sah die Boten Yamas, die Schlingen in den Händen hielten, furchterregend; und er sah sich selbst von ihnen gepackt und dann mit Gewalt fortgeschleppt.

apaśyathe saw
apaśyat:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Finite verb)
TypeVerb
Rootpaś (धातु)
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd Person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); parasmaipada
yama-dūtānYama’s messengers
yama-dūtān:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootyama-dūta (प्रातिपदिक; यम + दूत)
FormMasculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन); तत्पुरुष (‘yamasya dūtāḥ’)
vaiindeed
vai:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvai (अव्यय)
FormEmphatic particle (निपात)
pāśa-hastānwith nooses in hand
pāśa-hastān:
Karma (कर्म/Object qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootpāśa-hasta (प्रातिपदिक; पाश + हस्त)
FormMasculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन); बहुव्रीहि (‘pāśaḥ haste yeṣām’ = having nooses in their hands) qualifying ‘yama-dūtān’
bhaya-āvahānbringing fear
bhaya-āvahān:
Karma (कर्म/Object qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootbhaya-āvaha (प्रातिपदिक; भय + आवह)
FormMasculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन); तत्पुरुष (‘bhayaṃ āvahanti’ = bringing fear) qualifying ‘yama-dūtān’
taiḥby them
taiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण/Agent-instrument; by them)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन)
saṃgṛhītamseized
saṃgṛhītam:
Karma (कर्म/Object predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootsam-grah (धातु)
FormPast passive participle (कृत्: क्त), Masculine/Neuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); agreeing with ‘ātmānam’
ātmānamhimself
ātmānam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootātman (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
nīyamānambeing led away
nīyamānam:
Karma (कर्म/Object predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootnī (धातु)
FormPresent passive participle (कृत्: शानच्/मान), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); agreeing with ‘ātmānam’
tadāthen
tadā:
Kāla (काल/Time)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottadā (अव्यय)
FormTemporal adverb (कालवाचक-अव्यय) ‘then’
balātby force
balāt:
Hetu (हेतु/Cause-manner)
TypeNoun
Rootbala (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Ablative (5th/पञ्चमी), Singular (एकवचन); adverbial ablative ‘by force/forcibly’
Narrator (describing the king’s vision)

{ "primaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Yama
Karmic justiceYama and afterlife imageryFear and accountabilityNaraka-vision

FAQs

Moral law is depicted as enforceable: the noose-bearing Yamadūtas symbolize inevitability—one cannot ‘argue away’ consequences once actions mature into results.

Outside pancalakṣaṇa; it is a dharma narrative illustrating the mechanics of karmic recompense.

The ‘noose’ can be read as attachment and wrongdoing tightening around the self; Yamadūtas are the personified forces that pull consciousness toward the appropriate experiential realm.