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Shloka 22

Adhyaya 78Hymn to Surya and the Distribution of Solar Splendour; Genealogy of Vaivasvata and Chaya’s Line

सा च दृष्ट्वा तमायान्तं परपुंसो विशङ्कया ।

जगाम संमुखं तस्य पृष्ठरक्षणतत्परा ॥

sā ca dṛṣṭvā tamāyāntaṃ parapuṃso viśaṅkayā / jagāma saṃmukhaṃ tasya pṛṣṭharakṣaṇatatparā

Und sie, als sie ihn herankommen sah und ihn für einen anderen Mann hielt, ging ihm entgegen, entschlossen, wachsam zu bleiben und ihren Rücken zu schützen.

साshe
सा:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम (pronoun)
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण/absolutive of prior action)
TypeVerb
Rootदृश् (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त-अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund/absolutive), ‘having seen’
तम्him
तम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
आयान्तम्approaching
आयान्तम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण/adjectival to ‘tam’)
TypeVerb
Rootआ-या (धातु)
Formवर्तमान-कृदन्त (शतृ/Present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘coming/approaching’
परपुंसःof another man/stranger
परपुंसः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/possessive)
TypeNoun
Rootपर + पुंस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (genitive determinative) ‘other-man’; पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive), एकवचन
विशङ्कयाwith suspicion
विशङ्कया:
Karana (करण/Instrument-cause)
TypeNoun
Rootविशङ्का (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental), एकवचन
जगामwent
जगाम:
Kriya (क्रिया/Main verb)
TypeVerb
Rootगम् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
संमुखम्to the front; face-to-face
संमुखम्:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/locative sense; direction)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसंमुख (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययीभाव-निभ (adverbial accusative used as indeclinable): ‘to the front/face to face’
तस्यof him
तस्य:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/possessive)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
पृष्ठरक्षणतत्पराintent on guarding (his) back
पृष्ठरक्षणतत्परा:
Karta (कर्ता; predicate adjective to ‘सा’)
TypeAdjective
Rootपृष्ठ + रक्षण + तत्पर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formबहुपद-तत्पुरुष (determinative): ‘back-protection-intent’; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘devoted to protecting (his) back’
Narratorial Purāṇic narration (genealogical episode; not Devi Māhātmya frame)
Sūrya (Bhānumān/Bhāskara/Vivasvān)SaṃjñāChāyā
GenealogyDisguise and recognitionMarital fidelityProtection and modesty (strī-dharma motif)

FAQs

The verse underscores vigilance and discernment in intimate relations: recognition and trust are not blind; propriety and self-protection are valued, especially in situations of uncertainty.

Vaṃśa/vaṃśānucarita (dynastic genealogy and the deeds of the line): it sets up the births that define the Solar lineage and the Vaivasvata manvantara.

The ‘approaching other man’ motif can be read as the play of appearance (chāyā/semblance) versus essence (svarūpa): discernment pierces nāma-rūpa to reach truth.