Shloka 26

Adhyaya 77 — Sanjna’s Withdrawal from Surya: The Birth of Yama and Yamuna, and the Emergence of Chhaya

Sanskrit

लालनाद्युपभोगेषु विशेषमनुवासरम् ।

मनुस्तत्क्षान्तवानस्य यमस्तस्या न चक्षमे ॥

Transliteration

lālanādy-upabhogeṣu viśeṣam anu-vāsaram /

manus tat kṣāntavān asya yamas tasyā na cakṣame

Translation

Tag für Tag machte sie, durch Verwöhnung und andere Genüsse, Unterschiede unter den Kindern. Manu ertrug es; doch Yama konnte ihr Verhalten nicht dulden.

Word by Word

• लालन-आदि-उपभोगेषु: in caresses and other enjoyments
• लालन-आदि-उपभोगेषु: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: lālana (प्रातिपदिक) + ādi (प्रातिपदिक) + upabhoga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (लालनादयः उपभोगाः येषु/लालनादि-उपभोग); पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी बहुवचन (Loc pl)

• विशेषम्: a distinction/special preference
• विशेषम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: viśeṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन (Acc sg)

• अनु-वासरम्: day after day
• अनु-वासरम्: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: anu (अव्यय/उपसर्ग) + vāsara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभाव-समास; अव्ययत्वेन प्रयोगः (adverbial)

• मनुः: Manu
• मनुः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: manu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन (Nom sg)

• तत्: that (behavior)
• तत्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन (Acc sg); सर्वनाम

• क्षान्तवान्: forbearing
• क्षान्तवान्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kṣānta (प्रातिपदिक; √kṣam + क्त) + -vant (प्रातिपदिक-प्रत्यय)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन (Nom sg); विशेषण—‘endowed with forbearance’

• अस्य: of him
• अस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, षष्ठी एकवचन (Gen sg)

• यमः: Yama
• यमः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन (Nom sg)

• तस्याः: of her
• तस्याः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी एकवचन (Gen sg)

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निषेध

• चक्षमे: tolerated/endured
• चक्षमे: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kṣam (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (परफेक्ट), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

Speakers

• Narrative voice within Mārkaṇḍeya’s telling

Primary Deities

• Yama
• Manu
• Chāyā

Key Themes

• Justice
• Forbearance (kṣamā)
• Family ethics
• Anger arising from perceived adharma

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Two responses to adharma are contrasted: kṣamā (forbearance) and krodha (anger). The text foreshadows that even righteous anger, if uncontrolled, can trigger harmful speech/acts and consequent bondage (the curse).

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Vaṃśānucarita with dharma-upadeśa embedded: character traits of lineage figures explain later outcomes.

What is the esoteric significance?

Yama (cosmic judge) reacting to domestic injustice reflects the idea that ṛta/dharma begins at home; micro-level disorder resonates with macro-level order-keeping powers.