Shloka 28

Adhyaya 48 — The Emanation of Beings from Brahma: Night, Day, Twilight, and the Orders of Creation

Sanskrit

एवं पश्वोषधीः सृष्ट्वा ह्ययजच्चाध्वरे विभुः ।

तस्मादादौ तु कल्पस्य त्रेतायुगमुखे तदा ॥

Transliteration

evaṃ paśvoṣadhīḥ sṛṣṭvā hy ayajac cādhvare vibhuḥ | tasmād ādau tu kalpasya tretāyugamukhe tadā ||

Translation

So erschuf der Herr, nachdem er Tiere und Heilpflanzen geschaffen hatte, das Opfer gemäß dem Ritus. Darum begann zu Beginn der Kalpa—gleich zu Beginn des Tretā-Yuga—diese Opferordnung.

Word by Word

• एवम्: thus
• एवम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम् (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of manner)

• पशु-ओषधीः: animals and plants
• पशु-ओषधीः: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पशु (प्रातिपदिक) + ओषधि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (ओषधि-प्रधान), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म), बहुवचन; द्वन्द्व-समास

• सृष्ट्वा: having created
• सृष्ट्वा: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सृज् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्ययकृदन्त (absolutive/gerund), ‘having created’

• हि: indeed/for
• हि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle; causal/emphatic)

• अयजत्: he performed sacrifice
• अयजत्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: यज् (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (Imperfect/past), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• अध्वरे: in the sacrifice/ritual
• अध्वरे: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अध्वर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (अधिकरण), एकवचन

• विभुः: the Lord/the mighty one
• विभुः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विभु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (कर्ता), एकवचन

• तस्मात्: therefore/from that
• तस्मात्: Hetu/Apadana (हेतु/अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (हेतु/अपादान), एकवचन

• आदौ: at the beginning
• आदौ: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (अधिकरण), एकवचन; ‘in the beginning’

• तु: but/indeed
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: विरोध/अन्वय-निपात (particle: but/indeed)

• कल्पस्य: of the aeon (kalpa)
• कल्पस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कल्प (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (सम्बन्ध), एकवचन

• त्रेता-युग-मुखे: at the opening of the Tretā age
• त्रेता-युग-मुखे: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रेता (प्रातिपदिक) + युग (प्रातिपदिक) + मुख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (अधिकरण), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (‘at the beginning of the Tretā-yuga’)

• तदा: then
• तदा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (temporal adverb)

Speakers

• Narratorial cosmology within Markandeya Purana’s discourse frame (exact speaker depends on edition’s framing dialogue)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Brahmā (as ritual initiator/creator)

Key Themes

• Cosmology
• Sarga
• Yajña
• Yuga chronology
• Ritual origins

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Creation is not complete without yajña: the cosmos is sustained through reciprocal offering (ṛta), linking ecology (plants/animals) with ritual responsibility.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Sarga with an explicit bridge to yuga-structure and ritual order; it gestures toward the Purāṇic concern with time-cycles (kalpa/yuga), though not a full Manvantara passage here.

What is the esoteric significance?

Yajña is the inner act of offering (ego into awareness) mirrored outwardly; placing it at Tretā’s ‘mouth’ indicates the rise of formal ritualism as consciousness externalizes into structured dharma.