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Shloka 12

Adhyaya 43Portents of Death (Ariṣṭa-lakṣaṇas) and the Yogin’s Response; Alarka Renounces Kingship

यस्य वस्तसमो गन्धो गात्रे शवसमोऽपि वा ।

तस्यार्धमासिकं ज्ञेयं योगिनो नृप ! जीवितम् ॥

yasya vastasamo gandho gātre śavasamo 'pi vā / tasyārdhamāsikaṃ jñeyaṃ yogino nṛpa ! jīvitam

O König, wenn der Körper eines Menschen einen Geruch verströmt wie ein abgestandenes, schimmlig gewordenes Tuch, oder gar wie der eines Leichnams, dann sagen die Yogins, man solle wissen, dass ihm nur noch ein halber Monat verbleibt.

यस्यwhose
यस्य:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन; सम्बन्धक-सर्वनाम
वस्तसमःlike cloth (smell)
वस्तसमः:
कर्ता-विशेषण (qualifier of subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootवस्त + सम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; उपमान-तत्पुरुष: वस्तस्य समः (equal to cloth/garment)
गन्धःsmell/odor
गन्धः:
कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootगन्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
गात्रेin/on the body
गात्रे:
अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Location)
TypeNoun
Rootगात्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन
शवसमःlike a corpse (smell)
शवसमः:
कर्ता-विशेषण (qualifier of subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootशव + सम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; उपमान-तत्पुरुष: शवस्य समः (like a corpse)
अपिeven/also
अपि:
सम्बन्ध-सूचक (particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formअप्यर्थक-निपात (even/also)
वाor
वा:
विकल्प-सूचक (connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (अव्यय)
Formविकल्पार्थक-निपात (or)
तस्यof him
तस्य:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
अर्धमासिकम्half-month long
अर्धमासिकम्:
विधेय-विशेषण (predicate adjective)
TypeAdjective
Rootअर्ध + मासिक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: अर्धं मासिकम् (half-month)
ज्ञेयम्should be known
ज्ञेयम्:
विधेय (predicate; injunction)
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा (धातु)
Formतव्यत्/अनीयर्-अर्थे क्तव्य-समाना (gerundive), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; “to be known/should be understood”
योगिनःof the yogin
योगिनः:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootयोगिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन
नृपO king
नृप:
सम्बोधन (Address)
TypeNoun
Rootनृप (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन
जीवितम्life-span
जीवितम्:
कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootजीवित (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; वाक्ये कर्तृस्थानी (subject of ‘ज्ञेयम्’)
Didactic voice addressing a king (nṛpa) within the chapter’s instruction

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Somatic omensAuthority of yogins as diagnosticiansImpending death (half-month)

FAQs

The body is treated as a transient vessel with observable decline; the ethical thrust is to turn urgently toward dharma and inner preparation when decay-signs manifest.

Ancillary teaching; it supports dharma and vairāgya but is not a core Pancalakṣaṇa category.

Odor signifies the dominance of tamas and the loosening of prāṇic cohesion; ‘yogins’ here represent subtle perception—reading the body as a field of karmic exhaustion.