Shloka 15

Adhyaya 40 — The Yogin’s Impediments (Upasargas), Subtle Concentrations, and the Eight Siddhis

Sanskrit

चिन्तयेत् परमं ब्रह्म कृत्वा तत्प्रवणं मनः ।

योगयुक्तः सदा योगी लघ्वाहारो जितेन्द्रियः ॥

Transliteration

cintayet paramaṃ brahma kṛtvā tatpravaṇaṃ manaḥ | yogayuktaḥ sadā yogī laghvāhāro jitendriyaḥ ||

Translation

Er soll das höchste Brahman betrachten, indem er den Geist darauf ausrichtet. Stets in Yoga diszipliniert, soll der Yogin leicht essen und die Sinne bezwungen halten.

Word by Word

• cintayet: should contemplate
• cintayet: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √cint (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• paramam: supreme
• paramam: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: parama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/कर्म), एकवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifying brahma)

• brahma: Brahman, the Absolute
• brahma: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: brahman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• kṛtvā: having made
• kṛtvā: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kṛ (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund), ‘having made’

• tat-pravaṇam: inclined toward that
• tat-pravaṇam: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + pravaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; समासः—तस्मिन् प्रवणम्/तत्प्रवणम् (तत्पुरुषः: ‘inclined to that’)

• manaḥ: mind
• manaḥ: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: manas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• yoga-yuktaḥ: joined with yoga, disciplined
• yoga-yuktaḥ: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: yoga (प्रातिपदिक) + yukta (√yuj, क्त-कृदन्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समासः—योगेन युक्तः (तृतीया-तत्पुरुषः); विशेषणम् (qualifying yogī)

• sadā: always
• sadā: Adverbial (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sadā (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (adverb)

• yogī: the yogin
• yogī: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yogin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• laghu-āhāraḥ: of light diet
• laghu-āhāraḥ: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: laghu (प्रातिपदिक) + āhāra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समासः—लघुराहारः (कर्मधारयः); विशेषणम् (qualifying yogī)

• jita-indriyaḥ: having conquered the senses
• jita-indriyaḥ: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: jita (√ji, क्त-कृदन्त) + indriya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समासः—जितानि इन्द्रियाणि येन (बहुव्रीह्यर्थे प्रयोगः), रूपतः तत्पुरुष-समासवत्; विशेषणम् (qualifying yogī)

Speakers

• Unspecified in provided excerpt (within Markandeya Purana’s instructional dialogue context)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Brahman (as supreme principle)

Key Themes

• Yoga
• Brahman contemplation
• Dietary discipline
• Sense-control

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Metaphysical realization is supported by practical restraint: contemplation of Brahman is paired with moderation in food and mastery of the senses.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ancillary dharma/yoga instruction within the Purana; not part of the five defining narrative-lakṣaṇas.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Making the mind incline to That’ indicates intentional re-vectoring of mental momentum (saṃskāra-flow) toward the absolute, a prerequisite for deeper absorptions.