Shloka 66

Adhyaya 34 — Madālāsā’s Instruction on Sadācāra (Householder Conduct, Purity, and Daily Rites)

Sanskrit

कृतशौचावशिष्टाश्च वर्जयेत् पञ्च वै मृदः ।

प्रक्षाल्य हस्तौ पादौ च समभ्युक्ष्य समाहितः ॥

Transliteration

kṛtaśaucāvaśiṣṭāś ca varjayet pañca vai mṛdaḥ | prakṣālya hastau pādau ca samabhyukṣya samāhitaḥ ||

Translation

Nach der Reinigung (śauca) soll man fünf Arten von Erde (gebrauchte, übriggebliebene oder unreine Tonerden) meiden. Nachdem man Hände und Füße gewaschen und sich dann mit Wasser besprengt hat, soll man gefasst und gesammelt bleiben.

Word by Word

• kṛta-śauca-avaśiṣṭāḥ: those remaining after cleansing (i.e., leftover impurities)
• kṛta-śauca-avaśiṣṭāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kṛta (कृ धातु, क्त) + śauca (प्रातिपदिक) + avaśiṣṭa (शिष् धातु, क्त)
• Form: Pumliṅga (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1 विभक्ति), Plural (बहुवचन); तत्पुरुष: ‘remaining after (performing) purification’

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; conjunction (समुच्चय)

• varjayet: should avoid
• varjayet: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vṛj (वृज्/वर्ज् धातु)
• Form: Vidhi-liṅ (विधिलिङ्), Prathama-puruṣa (प्रथमपुरुष), Ekavacana (एकवचन); parasmaipada; ‘should avoid’

• pañca: five
• pañca: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pañcan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Numeral adjective; indeclinable-like usage here; qualifying mṛdaḥ

• vai: indeed
• vai: Avadhāraṇa (अवधारण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vai (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; emphatic particle (निश्चयार्थक/अवधारण)

• mṛdaḥ: clay/earth (lumps)
• mṛdaḥ: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mṛd (मृद् प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (2 विभक्ति), Plural (बहुवचन); ‘clays/earth (for cleansing)’

• prakṣālya: having washed
• prakṣālya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-kṣāl (प्र + क्षाल् धातु)
• Form: Kṛdanta: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त/ल्यप्), ‘having washed’

• hastau: (both) hands
• hastau: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: hasta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pumliṅga (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2 विभक्ति), Dual (द्विवचन)

• pādau: (both) feet
• pādau: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pāda (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pumliṅga (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2 विभक्ति), Dual (द्विवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; conjunction (समुच्चय)

• samabhyukṣya: having sprinkled (water) upon (oneself)
• samabhyukṣya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-abhi-ukṣ (सम् + अभि + उक्ष् धातु)
• Form: Kṛdanta: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त/ल्यप्), ‘having sprinkled (oneself) well’

• samāhitaḥ: composed, attentive
• samāhitaḥ: Kartṛ-viśeṣaṇa (कर्तृ-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sam-ā-dhā (सम् + आ + धा धातु) → samāhita (क्त)
• Form: Kṛdanta (past passive participle, क्त), Pumliṅga (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1 विभक्ति), Singular (एकवचन); used predicatively ‘composed/attentive’

Speakers

• Unspecified in input (instructional voice)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Śauca
• Ritual hygiene
• Post-excretion purity
• Composure (samāhita)

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Purification is systematic: one avoids secondary contamination (used earth), completes washing, and returns to a collected mental state—purity is both physical and psychological.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ancillary dharma instruction; not pañcalakṣaṇa.

What is the esoteric significance?

The move from cleansing to ‘samāhita’ indicates that śauca culminates in restored inner steadiness; sprinkling water functions as a boundary-marking rite before re-entering sacred activities.