Shloka 101

Adhyaya 34 — Madālāsā’s Instruction on Sadācāra (Householder Conduct, Purity, and Daily Rites)

Sanskrit

कृत्वापसव्यं वायव्यां यक्ष्मैतत्तेति भाजनात् । अन्नावशेषमिच्छन् वै तोयं दद्याद्यथाविधि ॥

Transliteration

kṛtvāpasavyaṃ vāyavyāṃ yakṣmaitatteti bhājanāt | annāvaśeṣamicchan vai toyaṃ dadyādyathāvidhi ||

Translation

Dann soll er in der nordwestlichen (vāyavya) Richtung das apasavya vollziehen (mit umgekehrter heiliger Schnur) und aus dem Gefäß «yakṣma etat te» sprechen; sodann, wenn er den Rest der Speise begehrt, soll er Wasser regelgemäß darreichen.

Word by Word

• कृत्वा: having done/made
• कृत्वा: पूर्वक्रिया (Prior action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त अव्यय (gerund), पूर्वकालिक क्रिया

• अपसव्यम्: the counterclockwise (turn)
• अपसव्यम्: कर्म (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अपसव्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; क्रियाविशेषणवत् (as object of kṛtvā)

• वायव्याम्: in the northwest (direction)
• वायव्याम्: अधिकरण (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वायव्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; दिशिवाचक

• यक्ष्म: O Yakṣma (disease/consumption)
• यक्ष्म: सम्बोधन (Address/सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यक्ष्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन/प्रथमा-एकवचन (vocative/nominative form used in mantra)

• एतत्: this
• एतत्: कर्म (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन

• ते: for you / to you
• ते: सम्प्रदान (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्वद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: चतुर्थी (4th/Dative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• इति: thus
• इति: उद्धरण (Quotation marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: उद्धरणार्थक अव्यय (quotative)

• भाजनात्: from the vessel
• भाजनात्: अपादान (Source/अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भाजन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन

• अन्नावशेषम्: the remainder of food
• अन्नावशेषम्: कर्म (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्न + अवशेष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषसमास; पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• इच्छन्: desiring
• इच्छन्: कर्ता (Agent/कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: इष्/इच्छ् (धातु)
• Form: शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमानकृदन्त (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom), एकवचन

• वै: indeed
• वै: निपात (Particle/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (emphatic particle)

• तोयम्: water
• तोयम्: कर्म (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तोय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• दद्यात्: should give
• दद्यात्: क्रिया (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• यथाविधि: according to rule
• यथाविधि: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा + विधि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभावसमास; अव्यय (adverb)

Speakers

• Not specified in the provided excerpt (instructional narrative voice)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Ritual purity
• Pitṛ-ritual markers (apasavya)
• Apotropaic mantra
• Gṛhastha discipline

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The rite regulates consumption: only after prescribed offerings and purificatory steps may one take remnants. It encodes restraint and prioritizing dharma over appetite.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra/Dharma material; not pañcalakṣaṇa narrative.

What is the esoteric significance?

Apasavya indicates a ‘counter-current’ associated with Pitṛ-world and dissolution; the yakṣma-formula functions as a warding/transfer motif—symbolically diverting impurity or ill-effect away from the eater before partaking.