Shloka 63

Adhyaya 31 — Yoga Philosophy

Sanskrit

यथा वा द्विजमुख्यानां परितोषोऽभिजायते ।

त्रीणि श्राद्धे पवित्राणि दौहित्रं कुतपस्तिलाः ॥

Transliteration

yathā vā dvijamukhyānāṃ paritoṣo 'bhijāyate | trīṇi śrāddhe pavitrāṇi dauhitraṃ kutapas tilāḥ ||

Translation

Und man soll wissen, wodurch die vorzüglichsten Brāhmaṇas zufrieden werden. Im Śrāddha sind drei Dinge reinigend: der Sohn der Tochter, das Kutapa-Tuch/der Sitz und Sesamsamen.

Word by Word

• yathā: just as
• yathā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/relational)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; comparative particle (यथा = 'just as/as')

• vā: or/indeed
• vā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vā (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; alternative particle (विकल्पार्थक)

• dvija-mukhyānām: of the foremost Brahmins
• dvija-mukhyānām: Sambandha (षष्ठी/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dvija (प्रातिपदिक) + mukhya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine; Genitive (6th/षष्ठी); Plural (बहुवचन); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: 'dvijānāṃ mukhyāḥ'

• paritoṣaḥ: satisfaction
• paritoṣaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: paritoṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine; Nominative (1st/प्रथमा); Singular (एकवचन)

• abhijāyate: arises/is produced
• abhijāyate: Kriya (क्रिया/predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: abhi-√jan (धातु)
• Form: Present tense (लट्); 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष); Singular (एकवचन); Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद)

• trīṇi: three
• trīṇi: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tri (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter; Nominative (1st/प्रथमा); Plural (बहुवचन); numeral adjective qualifying 'pavitrāṇi'

• śrāddhe: in the śrāddha rite
• śrāddhe: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śrāddha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter; Locative (7th/सप्तमी); Singular (एकवचन)

• pavitrāṇi: purifiers/sacred items
• pavitrāṇi: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pavitra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter; Nominative (1st/प्रथमा); Plural (बहुवचन)

• dauhitrām: daughter’s son (grandson)
• dauhitrām: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dauhitra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter; Nominative (1st/प्रथमा); Singular (एकवचन); listed item in enumeration

• kutapaḥ: kutapa (a sacred cloth/seat used in śrāddha)
• kutapaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kutapa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine; Nominative (1st/प्रथमा); Singular (एकवचन); listed item in enumeration

• tilāḥ: sesame seeds
• tilāḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tila (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine; Nominative (1st/प्रथमा); Plural (बहुवचन); listed item in enumeration

Speakers

• Madālasa → Alarka

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Pitṛs (rite context)

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Śrāddha
• Purity (pavitra)
• Brāhmaṇa satisfaction
• Ritual materials

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Ritual efficacy is tied to purity markers and relational dharma: the dauhitra (daughter’s son) is singled out as auspicious in ancestral contexts, alongside sanctioned implements like kutapa and tila.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra/Dharma instruction.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘three purifiers’ combine lineage (dauhitra), seat/setting (kutapa), and offering substance (tila), indicating that person–place–material must align for ancestral rites.