Shloka 11

Adhyaya 31 — Naimittika and Related Śrāddha Rites: Sapiṇḍīkaraṇa, Eligibility, Timing, and Procedure

Sanskrit

उद्धृतेष्वथ पिण्डेषु याश्चान्नकणिका भुवि ।

ताभिराप्यायनं प्राप्ता ये तिर्यकत्वं कुले गताः ॥

Transliteration

uddhṛteṣv atha piṇḍeṣu yāś cānnakaṇikā bhuvi / tābhir āpyāyanaṃ prāptā ye tiryakatvaṃ kule gatāḥ

Translation

Und wenn die piṇḍas (piṇḍa) aufgehoben worden sind, welche Körner oder Speisekrümel auf dem Boden verbleiben—durch sie erhalten jene aus der Familie, die in tierische Existenz gegangen sind, Nahrung.

Word by Word

• uddhṛteṣu: when (they are) lifted/removed
• uddhṛteṣu: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ud-√hṛ (हृ धातु)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त/कृत्), Masculine/Neuter (पुं/नपुंसक), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Plural (बहुवचन); used adjectivally with piṇḍeṣu

• atha: then/and now
• atha: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atha (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle/adverb (निपात)

• piṇḍeṣu: in/among the lumps (of food)
• piṇḍeṣu: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: piṇḍa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Plural (बहुवचन)

• yāḥ: which (those)
• yāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); relative pronoun

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• anna-kaṇikāḥ: particles/crumbs of food
• anna-kaṇikāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: anna (प्रातिपदिक) + kaṇikā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); तत्पुरुषः (अन्नस्य कणिकाः)

• bhuvi: on the earth
• bhuvi: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhū (भू प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)

• tābhiḥ: by those (crumbs)
• tābhiḥ: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन)

• āpyāyanam: nourishment
• āpyāyanam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: āpyāyana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• prāptāḥ: having obtained
• prāptāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √āp (आप् धातु)
• Form: Past active participle (क्त/कृत्), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• ye: those who
• ye: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• tiryaktvam: animal state (being a beast)
• tiryaktvam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tiryaktva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• kule: in the family/lineage
• kule: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kula (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)

• gatāḥ: having gone/attained
• gatāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √gam (गम् धातु)
• Form: Past active participle (क्त/कृत्), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

Speakers

• Not specified in input

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Pitṛ Pūjā
• Śrāddha
• Transmigration (yoni)
• Ritual detail (piṇḍa remnants)
• Compassion across species

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Śrāddha is depicted as inclusive: its efficacy reaches relatives regardless of their present embodiment, encouraging carefulness and reverence for ritual ‘leftovers’ rather than waste.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Dharma/Ācāra with an implied cosmology of rebirth; it is not sarga/pratisarga but supports Purāṇic worldview.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘remnant’ (śeṣa) motif suggests that what remains after formal offering still carries sacramental charge, extending grace into lower/liminal states of existence.