Shloka 34

Adhyaya 26 — Madālasa Names Alarka and Reorients Him Toward Kshatriya Duty

Sanskrit

जड उवाच तेनैवमुक्ता सा भर्त्रा वरनारी मदालसा ।

अलर्कं नाम तनयमुवाचोल्लापवादिनी ॥

Transliteration

jaḍa uvāca tenaivam uktā sā bhartrā vara-nārī madālasā / alarkaṃ nāma tanayam uvāca ullāpa-vādinī //

Translation

Jaḍa sprach: So von ihrem Gatten angesprochen, redete jene vortreffliche Frau Madālasā, kundig in sanfter Rede, zu ihrem Sohn namens Alarka.

Word by Word

• जडः: Jaḍa (the king)
• जडः: कर्ता (Kartā/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जड (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/nominative), एकवचन

• उवाच: said
• उवाच: क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• तेन: by him / by that
• तेन: करण/हेतु (Instrument/Cause)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, तृतीया (3rd/instrumental), एकवचन

• एवम्: thus
• एवम्: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम् (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकारार्थक अव्यय (adverb: thus)

• उक्ता: having been spoken to / addressed
• उक्ता: कर्म (Karman; predicate participle)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• सा: she
• सा: कर्ता (Kartā/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/nominative), एकवचन

• भर्त्रा: by (her) husband
• भर्त्रा: करण/कर्तृ (Agent in passive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भर्तृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/instrumental), एकवचन

• वरनारी: the excellent lady
• वरनारी: कर्ता (Kartā; apposition to सा)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर (प्रातिपदिक) + नारी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/nominative), एकवचन; समास: कर्मधारय ('excellent woman')

• मदालसा: Madālasā
• मदालसा: कर्ता (Kartā; apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मदालसा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/nominative), एकवचन

• अलर्कम्: Alarka
• अलर्कम्: कर्म (Karman/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अलर्क (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/accusative), एकवचन

• नाम: by name
• नाम: विशेषणसूचक (Naming particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नाम (अव्यय)
• Form: नाम-निपात (indeclinable particle: 'by name')

• तनयम्: son
• तनयम्: कर्म (Karman/Object, apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तनय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/accusative), एकवचन

• उवाच: said
• उवाच: क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• उल्लापवादिनी: speaking (sweet) words / prattling
• उल्लापवादिनी: विशेषण (Viśeṣaṇa/Qualifier of सा/मदालसा)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उल्लाप (प्रातिपदिक) + वादिनी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/nominative), एकवचन; समास: तत्पुरुष ('speaker of prattle/speech')

Speakers

• Narrator voice within the episode: Jaḍa uvāca; then Madālasā prepares to speak to Alarka

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Narrative framing
• Didactic storytelling
• Mother-to-son instruction

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The Purāṇa emphasizes pedagogy: instruction is transmitted through exemplary characters, and tone (gentle speech) is treated as part of righteous teaching.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Anucarita (narrative) marker; no direct pañcalakṣaṇa categorization.

What is the esoteric significance?

The shift from conflict to ‘pleasant speech’ suggests that dharma is best internalized through calm clarity rather than coercion—speech as śakti that shapes destiny.