Shloka 51

Adhyaya 20 — Ritadhvaja’s Companionship with the Naga Princes and the Origin of the Horse Kuvalaya

Sanskrit

यतो भूवलयं सर्वमश्रान्तोऽयं चरिष्यति ।

अतः कुवलयो नाम्ना ख्यातिं लोके प्रयास्यति ॥

Transliteration

yato bhūvalayaṃ sarvam aśrānto 'yaṃ cariṣyati | ataḥ kuvalayo nāmnā khyātiṃ loke prayāsyati ||

Translation

Da er unermüdlich den ganzen Erdkreis durchstreifen wird, darum wird er in der Welt unter dem Namen „Kuvalaya“ berühmt werden.

Word by Word

• yataḥ: because/since
• yataḥ: Hetu (हेतु)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yatas (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, हेत्वर्थ/यत्-सम्बन्ध (since/because/wherefrom)

• bhūvalayam: the earth-circle (whole earth)
• bhūvalayam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhū-valaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समासः (earth + circle)

• sarvam: entire
• sarvam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; विशेषण (of bhūvalayam)

• aśrāntaḥ: unwearied
• aśrāntaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: a-śrānta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विशेषण (of ayam/kuvalayaḥ)

• ayam: this (one/horse)
• ayam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• cariṣyati: will roam/traverse
• cariṣyati: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √car (धातु)
• Form: लृट्-लकार (Simple Future), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• ataḥ: therefore
• ataḥ: Hetu-phala (हेतु-फल/निगमन)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atas (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, तस्मात्-अर्थ (therefore/from that)

• kuvalayaḥ: Kuvalaya (name)
• kuvalayaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kuvalaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; नाम (proper name)

• nāmnā: by the name
• nāmnā: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nāman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), एकवचन; साधन/हेतु (by the name)

• khyātim: fame
• khyātim: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: khyāti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• loke: in the world
• loke: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: loka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन

• prayāsyati: will attain/go to
• prayāsyati: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-√yā (धातु)
• Form: लृट्-लकार (Simple Future), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

Speakers

• Aśarīriṇī vāk (continuing)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "adbhuta", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Name-etymology (nāma-nirukti)
• World-circling motif
• Fame through function

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Renown is grounded in capacity used for purpose: the horse’s ‘fame’ arises from tireless service. By extension, a ruler’s lasting fame rests on sustained dharmic action.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ākhyāna with onomastic explanation (name derivation), a common purāṇic stylistic feature; not a pancalakṣaṇa core category.

What is the esoteric significance?

Naming crystallizes function into identity: when energy (horse/prāṇa) becomes unwavering and all-encompassing in scope (bhūvalaya), it gains ‘khyāti’—stable recognition within the psyche.