Shloka 56

Adhyaya 16 — The Son’s Counsel on Renunciation and the Anasuya–Mandavya Episode: The Suspension of Sunrise and the Power of Pativrata

Sanskrit

पञ्चर्णानि मनुष्येण साध्वि ! देयानि सर्वदा ।

तथात्मवर्णधर्मेण कर्तव्यो धनसंचयः ॥

Transliteration

pañcārṇāni manuṣyeṇa sādhvi deyāni sarvadā | tathātmavarṇa-dharmeṇa kartavyo dhana-saṃcayaḥ ||

Translation

O tugendhafte Frau, die fünf Schulden sind vom Menschen stets zu begleichen; und Reichtum soll in einer Weise erworben werden, die der Pflicht der eigenen Varṇa entspricht.

Word by Word

• पञ्च: five
• पञ्च: Karta (कर्ता/Subject-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पञ्च (संख्या/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययवत् संख्यावाचक; ‘ऋणानि’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम् (indeclinable numeral used adjectivally)

• ऋणानि: debts/obligations
• ऋणानि: Karma (कर्म: to be given/paid)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural)

• मनुष्येण: by a human
• मनुष्येण: Karta (कर्ता/Agent)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनुष्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन (Singular)

• साध्वि: O virtuous lady
• साध्वि: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: साध्वी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन (Singular)

• देयानि: should be given/paid
• देयानि: Kriya (क्रिया: obligation predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा (धातु) + यत् (कृदन्त, विधेय/gerundive)
• Form: तव्यत्/यत्-अर्थे विधेय (Gerundive/Obligatory), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; ‘ऋणानि’ इत्यस्य विधेयम्

• सर्वदा: always
• सर्वदा: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सर्वदा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; कालवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (adverb of time)

• तथा: and likewise
• तथा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय/अनुक्रम (likewise/and)

• आत्मवर्णधर्मेण: according to one’s own varṇa-duty
• आत्मवर्णधर्मेण: Karana (करण/Means: according to)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आत्म (प्रातिपदिक) + वर्ण (प्रातिपदिक) + धर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (determinative chain: duty of one’s own varṇa); पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन

• कर्तव्यः: should be done
• कर्तव्यः: Kriya (क्रिया: obligation predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु) + तव्यत् (कृदन्त, विधेय/gerundive)
• Form: तव्यत्-प्रत्ययान्त विधेय (Gerundive/Obligatory), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘धनसंचयः’ इत्यस्य विधेयम्

• धनसंचयः: accumulation of wealth
• धनसंचयः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धन (प्रातिपदिक) + संचय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (wealth + accumulation); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)

Speakers

• Instructor voice within the dialogue (Anasūyā’s teaching-context)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Gṛhastha-dharma
• Pañca-ṛṇa
• Varṇa-dharma
• Artha regulation

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Artha (wealth) is subordinated to dharma: one must earn responsibly (by rightful means aligned with duty) and direct resources toward discharging fundamental obligations (ṛṇas).

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Dharma/ācāra instruction; ancillary to Purāṇic narrative rather than a pancalakṣaṇa pillar, yet supportive of sustaining varṇa-āśrama order within vaṃśānucarita settings.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘debts’ symbolize interdependence: the self is not isolated; spiritual progress requires conscious reciprocity with cosmic, ancestral, and social orders.