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Shloka 20

Adhyaya 12The Son Describes the Narakas: Mahāraurava, Tamas, Nikṛntana, Apratiṣṭha, Asipatravana, and Taptakumbha

अत्रस्थैर्नारकैर्दुःखमसह्यमनुभूयते ।

तान्येव यत्र चक्राणि घटीयन्त्राणि चान्यतः ॥

atrasthair nārakair duḥkham asahyam anubhūyate /

tāny eva yatra cakrāṇi ghaṭī-yantrāṇi cānyataḥ

Von den Wesen, die sich hier in der Hölle befinden, wird unerträglicher Schmerz erfahren – wo es dieselben Räder gibt und anderswo auch Wasserradmechanismen (ghaṭī-yantras).

atrahere
atra:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootatra (अव्यय)
Formदेशवाचक अव्यय (locative adverb: here)
sthaiḥby those who are here
sthaiḥ:
Karana (करण)
TypeAdjective
Root√sthā (स्था धातु) + stha (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया बहुवचन; ‘अत्रस्थ’ इत्यर्थे (instrumental plural: by those staying here)
nārakaiḥby the hell-dwellers
nārakaiḥ:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootnāraka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया बहुवचन (masc. instrumental plural)
duḥkhampain; suffering
duḥkham:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootduḥkha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन (neuter nominative singular)
asahyamunbearable
asahyam:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Roota-sahya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; विशेषण (neuter nom. sg qualifying duḥkham)
anubhūyateis experienced
anubhūyate:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootanu-√bhū (भू धातु)
Formलट् (present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive sense: is experienced)
tānithose (things)
tāni:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन (neuter nominative plural)
evaindeed; only
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (निपात)
Formअवधारणार्थक निपात (particle: just/only)
yatrawhere
yatra:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyatra (अव्यय)
Formदेशवाचक/सम्बन्धवाचक अव्यय (relative adverb: where)
cakrāṇiwheels
cakrāṇi:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootcakra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन (neuter nominative plural)
ghaṭīyantrāṇiwater-wheel devices; pulley-machines
ghaṭīyantrāṇi:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootghaṭī + yantra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (ghaṭyāḥ yantrāṇi); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन (neuter nominative plural)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (निपात)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक अव्यय (and)
anyataḥfrom elsewhere
anyataḥ:
Apadana (अपादान)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootanyataḥ (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; दिशावाचक/अपादानार्थक (from elsewhere; otherwise)
Narrator (frame-speakers not determinable from excerpt alone)

{ "primaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Yama (implicit)
Naraka punishmentsUnbearable sufferingMechanical imagery

FAQs

The verse amplifies deterrence: certain karmas yield ‘asahya’ suffering. The mechanized imagery suggests an impersonal moral order—karma operates like a device once set in motion.

Ancillary ethical-cosmographic material describing lower realms and karmic outcomes.

Wheels and mechanisms represent compulsive cycles—habit-energy that keeps turning. ‘Apratiṣṭha’ indicates lack of inner ground; the mind is ‘processed’ by its own momentum.