Shloka 13

Adhyaya 12 — The Son Describes the Narakas: Mahāraurava, Tamas, Nikṛntana, Apratiṣṭha, Asipatravana, and Taptakumbha

Sanskrit

हिमखण्डवहो वायुर्भिनत्त्यस्थीनि दारुणः ।

मज्जासृग्गलितं तस्मादश्नुवन्ति क्षुधान्विताः ॥

Transliteration

hima-khaṇḍa-vaho vāyur bhinatti asthīni dāruṇaḥ /

majjā-asṛg-galitaṃ tasmād aśnuvanti kṣudhānvitāḥ

Translation

Ein schrecklicher Wind, der Eisbrocken heranträgt, spaltet ihnen die Knochen; und vom Hunger getrieben essen sie, was hervorquillt — Mark und Blut.

Word by Word

• हिमखण्डवहः: carrying chunks of ice
• हिमखण्डवहः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: hima + khaṇḍa + vaha (प्रातिपदिक-समास)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (hima-khaṇḍa = ‘pieces of ice’) + वह (carrying), विशेषणम् ‘वायुः’

• वायुः: wind
• वायुः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vāyu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन

• भिनत्ति: splits/breaks
• भिनत्ति: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √bhid (धातु)
• Form: लट् लकार (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• अस्थीनि: bones
• अस्थीनि: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asthi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• दारुणः: terrible
• दारुणः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dāruṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषणम् ‘वायुः’

• मज्जासृग्गलितम्: (that which is) marrow-and-blood-dripping
• मज्जासृग्गलितम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: majjā + asṛk + galita (प्रातिपदिक-समास)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (majjā-asṛk = ‘marrow and blood’) + गलित (dripped/melted), वस्तुवाचक; कर्मपदम् ‘अश्नुवन्ति’

• तस्मात्: from that (therefore/from there)
• तस्मात्: Apadana (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी विभक्ति, एकवचन

• अश्नुवन्ति: they eat/consume
• अश्नुवन्ति: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √aś (धातु)
• Form: लट् लकार (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन

• क्षुधान्विताः: afflicted with hunger
• क्षुधान्विताः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kṣudh + anvita (प्रातिपदिक-समास/कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP ‘अन्वित’), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुषः (kṣudhā anvita = ‘endowed with hunger’), विशेषणम् (कर्तृपदम्—implicit ‘नराः’)

Speakers

• Unspecified in provided excerpt

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "raudra", "secondaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Karma-phala
• Naraka
• Consequences of vice
• Body symbolism

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Degradation follows vice: the sinner is reduced to consuming what should be protected (one’s own vital essence), illustrating how immoral appetite ultimately turns self-destructive.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

A moral-cosmographic passage (naraka-varṇana) used for dharma instruction; only loosely connected to sarga-type world-description.

What is the esoteric significance?

Ice-wind splitting bones signifies rigidity and cruelty (frozen compassion) shattering the inner structure; eating marrow/blood symbolizes the final stage of craving—devouring one’s own life-force.