Shloka 66

Adhyaya 10 — Jaimini’s Questions on Birth, Death, Karma, and the Embodied Journey

Sanskrit

प्रदीप्तादित्यतप्ते च दह्यमाने तदंशुभिः ।

कृष्यते यमदूतैश्चाशिवसन्नादभीषणैः ॥

Transliteration

pradīptādityatapte ca dahyamāne tadaṃśubhiḥ /

kṛṣyate yamadūtaiś cāśivasannādabhīṣaṇaiḥ

Translation

And on ground scorched by a blazing sun, burning under its rays, he is dragged by Yama’s messengers—terrifying with inauspicious, dreadful cries.

Word by Word

• pradīpta-āditya-tapte: in (a place) heated by the blazing sun
• pradīpta-āditya-tapte: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pradīpta (कृदन्त) + āditya (प्रातिपदिक) + tapta (कृदन्त)
• Form: Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग); karmadhāraya/tatpuruṣa sense: 'in the (place) heated by the blazing sun'

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction particle (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• dahyamāne: while (it is) being burnt
• dahyamāne: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dah (दह् धातु) + śānac (शानच्)
• Form: Present passive participle (वर्तमानकाले कर्मणि शानच्), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग); 'while being burnt'

• tad-aṃśubhiḥ: by its rays
• tad-aṃśubhiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + aṃśu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग); 'by those rays (of it)'

• kṛṣyate: is dragged
• kṛṣyate: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: kṛṣ (कृष् धातु)
• Form: Present tense (लट्), Passive voice (कर्मणि प्रयोग), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

• yamadūtaiḥ: by Yama's messengers
• yamadūtaiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yama-dūta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग); tatpuruṣa: 'messengers of Yama'

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction particle (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• āśiva-sannāda-bhīṣaṇaiḥ: by (those) terrifying with inauspicious roars
• āśiva-sannāda-bhīṣaṇaiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: a-śiva (प्रातिपदिक) + sannāda (प्रातिपदिक) + bhīṣaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग); tatpuruṣa: 'terrifying with inauspicious roars'

Speakers

• Frame-dialogue context not explicit in the provided excerpt (likely an instructive narration within Adhyaya 10)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "secondaryRasa": "raudra", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Yama (Dharmarāja)

Key Themes

• Karmic suffering
• Afterlife heat imagery
• Yamadūtas

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The text uses intense sensory imagery to impress that cruelty and adharma culminate in coercive suffering; it is a call to self-restraint and compassionate action.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Dharma/karmaphala teaching through narrative description; ancillary to pancalakṣaṇa.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘burning rays’ symbolize the exposure of hidden deeds to the light of moral law; the terrifying cries represent the psyche’s confrontation with fear and guilt when protective illusions fall away.