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Shloka 19

कालविभाग-निरूपणं तथा युद्धव्यवस्था

Time-Reckoning and Mobilization Counsel

शरैरेभि: प्रणुन्नानां भग्नानां गहने वने । को हि जीवेत्‌ पदातीनां भवेदश्वेषु संशय:,“यदि कोई गहन वनमें भागकर प्राण बचाना चाहें, तो मेरे इन बाणोंसे वे छिन्न-भिन्न कर दिये जायँगे। इस तरह भागनेवाले पैदल सैनिकोंमेंसे कौन जीवित रह सकता है? घुड़सवारोंके विषयमें संदेह है (वे भागनेपर मारे भी जा सकते हैं और बच भी सकते हैं)!

śarair ebhiḥ praṇunnānāṃ bhagnānāṃ gahane vane | ko hi jīvet padātīnāṃ bhaved aśveṣu saṃśayaḥ ||

Vaiśampāyana sprach: „Diejenigen, die von diesen Pfeilen getroffen und vorangetrieben werden, im Mut gebrochen, werden selbst dann niedergemacht, wenn sie in einen dichten Wald fliehen. Von den Fußsoldaten, die zu entkommen suchen—wer könnte da am Leben bleiben? Was die Reiter betrifft, so ist es ungewiss: manche mögen selbst in der Flucht erschlagen werden, andere könnten noch entkommen.“

शरैःwith arrows
शरैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
रेभिःwith (the) roaring/crying ones
रेभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरेभि
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
प्रणुन्नानाम्of those driven/impelled (away)
प्रणुन्नानाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्र-नुद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural, Past passive participle (क्त), Passive (participial)
भग्नानाम्of the broken/routed
भग्नानाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootभञ्ज्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural, Past passive participle (क्त), Passive (participial)
गहनेin dense (thicket)
गहने:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootगहन
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
वनेin the forest
वने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवन
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
कःwho?
कः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
जीवेत्could live/survive
जीवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootजीव्
FormOptative (विधिलिङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
पदातीनाम्of foot-soldiers
पदातीनाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootपदाति
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
भवेत्might be
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative (विधिलिङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अश्वेषुamong/on horses (i.e., horsemen)
अश्वेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
संशयःdoubt/uncertainty
संशयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंशय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
A
arrows (śara)
D
dense forest (gahana vana)
I
infantry (padāti)
H
horsemen/cavalry (aśvin/aśva)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the harsh inevitability of warfare once a rout begins: panic and flight do not guarantee safety, and the consequences of violence extend even into places thought to offer refuge. It also reflects the epic’s sober realism about battle—courage, discipline, and preparedness matter more than desperate escape.

The narrator describes a combat situation in which troops, harried by arrows, break formation and attempt to flee into a dense forest. The statement emphasizes that fleeing foot-soldiers are unlikely to survive under sustained missile attack, while mounted fighters may have a chance—though even for them survival is uncertain.