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Shloka 29

Draupadī’s Lament and Theodicy: Dharma, Dice, and Īśvara’s Governance (Āraṇyaka-parva 31)

ऋषयश्नैव देवाश्न गन्धर्वासुरराक्षसा: | ईश्वरा: कस्य हेतोस्ते चरेयुर्धर्ममादृता:,यदि तप, ब्रह्मचर्य, यज्ञ, स्वाध्याय, दान और सरलता आदि धर्म निष्फल होते तो पहले जो श्रेष्ठ और श्रेष्ठतर पुरुष हुए हैं वे धर्मका आचरण नहीं करते। यदि धार्मिक क्रियाओंका कुछ फल नहीं होता, वे सब निरी ठगविद्या होतीं तो ऋषि, देवता, गन्धर्व, असुर तथा राक्षस प्रभावशाली होते हुए भी किसलिये आदरपूर्वक धर्मका आचरण करते

ṛṣayaś caiva devāś ca gandharvāsurarākṣasāḥ | īśvarāḥ kasya hetos te careyur dharmam ādṛtāḥ ||

Yudhiṣṭhira sprach: „Die Seher, die Götter und die Gandharvas, Asuras und Rākṣasas—jeder für sich mächtig—aus welchem Grund sollten sie Dharma ehrfürchtig üben? Wären Askese, Brahmacarya, Opfer, Selbststudium, Wohltätigkeit und Geradheit fruchtlos—bloßer Trug ohne wirklichen Ertrag—dann hätten die Großen der Vorzeit Dharma nicht befolgt, und diese mächtigen Wesen würden ihn nicht mit Achtung hochhalten.“

ऋषयःsages
ऋषयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootऋषि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
देवाःgods
देवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
nor/not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
गन्धर्वGandharvas
गन्धर्व:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगन्धर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
असुरAsuras
असुर:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअसुर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
राक्षसाःRakshasas
राक्षसाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराक्षस
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
ईश्वराःpowerful/lords
ईश्वराः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootईश्वर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कस्यof what?/whose?
कस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
हेतोःfor the reason/cause
हेतोः:
TypeNoun
Rootहेतु
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
चरेयुःwould practice/should practice
चरेयुः:
TypeVerb
Rootचर्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
धर्मम्dharma/righteousness
धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आदृताःrespectful/honoring (having respected)
आदृताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootआदृत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
ṛṣis (seers)
D
devas (gods)
G
gandharvas
A
asuras
R
rākṣasas
D
dharma

Educational Q&A

Dharma is not a meaningless performance: its value is affirmed by the fact that even powerful classes of beings—sages, gods, and other superhuman orders—reverently observe it. The verse argues from respected precedent and universal practice to the meaningfulness (and efficacy) of ethical and religious discipline.

Yudhiṣṭhira is reasoning about the reality and purpose of dharma. He challenges the idea that practices like tapas, brahmacarya, yajña, svādhyāya, and dāna are futile, pointing out that if they were truly fruitless, venerable beings and ancient exemplars would not consistently honor and practice them.