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Shloka 51

Ajñātavāsa-saṅkalpaḥ — Yudhiṣṭhira’s Resolve and Dhaumya’s Exempla on Concealment

यम उवाच यथा यथा भाषसि धर्मसंहितं मनोअ<नुकूलं सुपद॑ महार्थवत्‌ | तथा तथा मे त्वयि भक्तिरुत्तमा वरं वृणीष्वाप्रतिमं पतिव्रते,यमराज बोले--पतिव्रते! जैसे-जैसे तू गम्भीर अर्थसे युक्त और सुन्दर पदोंसे विभूषित, मनके अनुकूल धर्मसंगत बातें मुझे सुनाती जा रही है, वैसे-ही-वैसे तेरे प्रति मेरी उत्तम भक्ति बढ़ती जाती है; अतः तू मुझसे कोई अनुपम वर माँग ले

yama uvāca | yathā yathā bhāṣasi dharma-saṃhitaṃ mano'nukūlaṃ supadaṃ mahārthavat | tathā tathā me tvayi bhaktir uttamā varaṃ vṛṇīṣvāpratimaṃ pativrate ||

Yama sprach: „O treue Gattin, deinem Gemahl in Gelübde und Hingabe verbunden (pativratā)! Je mehr du zu mir Worte sprichst, die mit dem Dharma übereinstimmen—dem Geist angenehm, mit wohlgewählten Wendungen geschmückt und reich an tiefem Sinn—desto mehr wächst in mir die höchste Zuneigung und Gunst zu dir. Darum wähle von mir einen unvergleichlichen Segen.“

यमःYama
यमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
यथाas / in whatever manner
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
यथाso / likewise (correlative)
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
भाषसिyou speak
भाषसि:
TypeVerb
Rootभाष्
FormPresent, 2nd, Singular, Parasmaipada
धर्मसंहितम्in accordance with dharma / dharma-consistent
धर्मसंहितम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्मसंहित
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
मनःmind
मनः:
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अनुकूलम्agreeable / pleasing
अनुकूलम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअनुकूल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सुपदम्well-worded / with good words
सुपदम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसुपद
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
महार्थवत्having great meaning / very significant
महार्थवत्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमहार्थवत्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तथाso / thus
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
तथाin the same way
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
मेof me / my
मे:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
त्वयिin/for you
त्वयि:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormLocative, Singular
भक्तिःdevotion
भक्तिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभक्ति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
उत्तमाexcellent / highest
उत्तमा:
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तम
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
वरम्a boon
वरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वृणीष्वchoose (for yourself)
वृणीष्व:
TypeVerb
Rootवृ
FormImperative, 2nd, Singular, Atmanepada
अप्रतिमम्unmatched / incomparable
अप्रतिमम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअप्रतिम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पतिव्रतेO devoted-to-husband woman
पतिव्रते:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootपतिव्रता
FormFeminine, Vocative, Singular

यम उवाच

Y
Yama
P
pativratā (the devoted wife addressed)

Educational Q&A

Speech grounded in dharma—truthful, meaningful, and well-expressed—has ethical power: it wins trust and evokes reverence even from a divine judge like Yama. The verse highlights that inner virtue expressed through disciplined speech can transform a situation and merit grace (a boon).

Yama addresses a pativratā woman and praises the way she has been speaking: her words are dharmic, pleasing, and profound. Moved by her conduct and speech, Yama’s devotion and goodwill toward her increase, and he invites her to ask for an incomparable boon.